Now a day’s many VLSI designers are implementing different applications on real time with the use of FPGAs. Although they are working efficiently, they are not achieving their expected goals. This is only because of the faults which are occurring in the FPGA at the runtime of the application. Those faults are remaining in the circuitry as there is no provision for removal of those faults at app...

Some faults in storage elements (SEs) do not manifest as stuck-at0/1 faults. These include data-feedthrough faults that cause the SE cell to exhibit combinational behaviour. The authors investigate the implications of such faults on the behaviour of circuits using unclocked SEs. It is shown that effects of data-feedthrough faults at the behavioural level are different from those due to stuck-at...

in this paper, we study spacelike dual biharmonic curves. we characterize spacelike dual biharmonic curves in terms of their curvature and torsion in the lorentzian dual heisenberg group . we give necessary and sufficient conditions for spacelike dual biharmonic curves in the lorentzian dual heisenberg group . therefore, we prove that all spacelike dual biharmonic curves are spacelike dual heli...

Photovoltaic (PV) system output electricity is related to PV cells’ conditions, with the PV faults decreasing the efficiency of the PV system and even causing a possible source of fire. In industrial production, PV fault detection is typically laborious manual work. In this paper, we present a method that can automatically detect PV faults. Based on the observation that different faults will ha...

Symmetrical nature of mean of electrical signals during normal operating conditions is used in the fault detection task for dependable, robust, and simple fault detector implementation is presented in this work. Every fourth cycle of the instantaneous current signal, the mean is computed and carried into the next cycle to discover nonlinearities in the signal. A fault detection task is complete...

     This research study deals with the processing and interpretation of the total Bouguer anomaly and the total count iso-radiation data for a region located in the western desert of Iraq. The research aims to delineate the approximate locations and the effective depth of faults and how does rocks radioactivity act nearby the faults. The graphical method adopted to separate the residual fields...

Sanity checks such as vacuity and coverage are used to evaluate the quality of both implementations and specifications. We show formally that vacuity and coverage are dual concepts, studying them in a setting in which both the implementation and the specification are given by circuits. To formalize the duality, we present a range of mutations that one can apply to a circuit and partition them i...

iran is located in an area with high earthquake risk. there are over 20 active faults with length of 500 km and also densely populated parts of the country have been rendered vulnerable to strong earthquakes. however, existence of eight faults of the main faults of iran along with at least 18 faults with length of more than 100 km in kerman province have turned the place into one of the riskies...