In recent years, there has been an increase in the deployment of relatively dense arrays of seismic stations. The availability of spatially densely sampled global and regional seismic data has stimulated the adoption of industry-style imaging algorithms applied to convertedand scattered-wave energy from distant earthquakes, leading to relatively high-resolution images of the lower crust and upp...

It has been proposed 7]?9] that rupture processes in highly disordered media and earthquakes are similar to critical phenomena in that before they occur, long range correlations develop at many scales that lead to a cascade of events at increasingly larger scales. As a result, the precursory phenomena would be expected to follow power laws which are characteristic of critical phenomena. However...

Slow earthquakes represent an important conundrum in earthquake physics. While regular earthquakes are catastrophic events with rupture velocities governed by elastic wave speed, the processes that underlie slow fault slip phenomena, including recent discoveries of tremor, slow-slip and low-frequency earthquakes, are less understood. Theoretical models and sparse laboratory observations have pr...

The recorded responses of an Anchorage, Alaska, building during four significant earthquakes that occurred in 2002 are studied. Two earthquakes, including the 3 November 2002 M7.9 Denali fault earthquake, with epicenters approximately 275 km from the building, generated long trains of longperiod (.1 s) surface waves. The other two smaller earthquakes occurred at subcrustal depths practically be...

[1] The ability to monitor transient motion along faults is critical to improving our ability to understand many natural phenomena such as landslides and earthquakes. Here, we usedata from a GPS and seismometer network that were deployed to monitor the regularly repeating glacial earthquakes of Whillans Ice Stream, West Antarctica to show that a unique pattern of precursory slip precedes comple...

The recent deployment of many seismometers and occurrences of earthquakes in Japan revealed explosive nature of earthquakes. There have been a few reports that earthquakes and eruption of helium gas took place simultaneously, but there has been no hypothesis to co-relate each other. Recently, a new idea that atomic hydrogen can generate energy somewhat between chemical reaction and nuclear reac...

The central United States has undergone a dramatic increase in seismicity over the past 6 years (Fig. 1), rising from an average of 24M ≥3 earthquakes per year in the years 1973–2008 to an average of 193M ≥3 earthquakes in 2009–2014, with 688 occurring in 2014 alone. Multiple damaging earthquakes have occurred during this increase including the 2011M 5.6 Prague, Oklahoma, earthquake; the 2011 M...

This paper traces the historical development of kanji, the Chinese characters used in the Japanese orthographic system. The paper outlines the structural principles which underlie their composition, both in respect to single kanji and to their combination in compound words. Discussion also pays attention to their usage and frequency, as well as to the various script reforms that have affected t...