Background: The airway surfaces are one of the most common ways of entry of infectious agents. Oral cavity associated lymphoid tissues are inductive site of humoral immune responses in inflammatory and infectious disorders of the upper respiratory tract. These lymphoid tissues play important roles in the induction of salivary IgA. The impact of upper respiratory tract diseases on salivary IgA p...

UNLABELLED Idiopathic hypercalciuria may be associated with urinary tract infection, hematuria, nephrolithiasis and osteopenia. In order to describe the occurrence of these concurrent conditions related to the variation in urinary calcium and hypercalciuria response to sequential therapy, with a normal protein and low sodium diet, potassium citrate and hydrochlorothiazide; 46 patients older tha...

Although cases of foreign bodies in the outer ear canal are common in Ear, Nose and Throat clinics, cases of ticks in the outer ear canal are comparatively rare[1,2]. As of the 2000s, ticks have come to prominence as transmitters to humans of several diseases with poor prognosis, and particularly crimean congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). Ticks are non-flying and non-jumping ectoparasites that fee...

Recent advances in medical neurotology, basic science, and clinical investigations have greatly increased our understanding and ability to manage patients with disorders of the inner ear. The field is becoming more focused on the molecular biology of the inner ear to refine our understanding and the differential diagnoses of multilevel disorders. The time will come for us to utilize some novel ...