Efflux-related multidrug resistance (MDR) is a significant means by which bacteria can evade the effects of selected antimicrobial agents. Genome sequencing data suggest that Staphylococcus aureus may possess numerous chromosomally encoded MDR efflux pumps, most of which have not been characterized. Inhibition of these pumps, which may restore clinically relevant activity of antimicrobial agent...

Bacterial multidrug efflux pumps have come to prominence in human and veterinary pathogenesis because they help bacteria protect themselves against the antimicrobials used overcome their infections. However, it is increasingly realized that many, probably most, such physiological roles are distinct from protection of administered by humans. Here we undertake a broad survey proteins involved, al...

Biofilms are complex microbial associations anchored to abiotic or biotic surfaces, embedded in extracellular matrix produced by the biofilms themselves where they interact with each other and the environment. One of the main properties of biofilms is their capacity to be more resistant to antimicrobial agents than planktonic cells. Efflux pumps have been reported as one of the mechanisms respo...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The prevalence of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main reason of new drugs resurgence such as colistin. The main objectives of this study were to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern and the rate of colistin resistance along with its correlation with overexpression of MexAB-OprM and MexXY-OprM efflux pumps among P. aeruginosa isolates. MATERI...

OBJECTIVES TolC is a major outer membrane channel and it plays an important role in the excretion of a wide range of molecules, including antibiotics. A recent study has shown that Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium has nine functional drug efflux pumps; however, the TolC dependency of these efflux pumps remains to be studied in detail. The aim of this study was to investigate the TolC dep...