Cellular networks, e.g. UMTS, provide voice and data services to mobile users. In hot spots where users need high speed data services operators can deploy low-cost high-speed WLANs, e.g. 802.11, to cover hot-spots. This paper proposes a possible architecture of integrating UMTS and 802.11 WLAN. The architecture allows a mobile node to maintain data (PS) connection through WLAN and voice (CS) co...

Does a performance measure which is a monotonous function of the benefit (a benefit measure) lead to a desirable allocation of effort between the tasks which create this benefit? We analyse two settings. If the mechanism designer knows the choice set of the agent, benefit measures generally do not result in the second-best effort allocation – unless restrictive assumptions about agent’s prefere...

In this paper we discuss technology appropriation in the context of close personal relationships. We review literature that reveals how collaborative appropriation is a natural and necessary feature of technology adoption by relational partners. We then advance a position whereby appropriations in close relationships can be characterised as a form of discretionary effort investment. We end by r...

background: one important factor in growth, progress, and increase in work efficiency of employees of any enterprise is to make considerable effort. supreme leader of the islamic republic of iran also addressed the issue of need for more efforts. the goal of this study was to determine the association of perceived organizational justice and organizational expectations with efforts of nurses to ...

The inherent uncertainty of the software development process presents particular challenges for software effort prediction. We need to systematically address missing data values, outlier detection, feature subset selection and the continuous evolution of predictions as the project unfolds, and all of this in the context of data-starvation and noisy data. However, in this paper, we particularly ...

ERP implementation projects have been encountered as very risky and complex, and frequently exhibit time and cost overruns. Therefore both a comparison of their efficiency, and especially an estimation of effort and costs associated with new projects are of high interest. Since ERP implementation differs from classical software development projects, as the main focus lies on adapting and custom...

The analysis of genetic mosaics, in which an animal carries populations of cells with differing genotypes, is a powerful tool for understanding developmental and cell biology. In 1990, we set out to improve the methods used to make genetic mosaics in Drosophila by taking advantage of recently developed approaches for genome engineering. These efforts led to the work described in our 1993 Develo...

In this paper a contest game with heterogeneous players is analyzed in which heterogeneity could be the consequence of past discrimination. Based on the normative perception of the heterogeneity there are two policy options to tackle this heterogeneity: either it is ignored and the contestants are treated equally, or affirmative action is implemented which compensates discriminated players. The...