Formal work on the electoral model often suggests that parties or candidates should locate themselves at the electoral mean. Recent research has found no evidence of such convergence. In order to explain nonconvergence, the stochastic electoral model is extended by including estimates of electoral valence. We introduce the notion of a convergence coefficient, c. It has been shown that high valu...

Race, Reform, and the Regulation of the Electoral Process: Recurring Puzzles in American Democracy is the first volume in Cambridge University Press’s Cambridge Studies in Election Law and Democracy series. It offers a critical reevaluation of three fundamental and interlocking themes in American democracy: the relationship between race and politics; the performance and reform of election syste...

The electoral process has had challenges in policy as a result of large number competitive elective positions and COVID-19 pandemic risks. In mitigating these challenges, there is need to incorporate innovations Information Communication Technologies the so have confidence management bodies that always been blamed for failure delivering credible timely election every cycle many instances result...