The primary method by which social scientists describe public opinion about science and technology is to present frequencies from fixed response survey questions and to use multivariate statistical models to predict where different groups stand with regard to perceptions of risk and benefit. Such an approach requires measures of individual preference which can be aligned numerically in an ordin...

Abstract The balance between patient autonomy and medical paternalism must be reexamined. The tension between autonomy and paternalism is both an ethical and practical issue. Autonomy is the current gold standard approach to patient communication and has grown to the point that patient preference dictates care, even when their choices are not possible or are medically nonbeneficial. Furthermore...

This study analyzed questions (examples and exercises) in the Numbers chapter on Indonesians’ new curriculum (Kurikulum Merdeka) mathematics textbooks for grade 7. An analytical framework developed question analysis had seven dimensions: Mathematical Activity, Problem Complexity, Answer Type, Contextual Situation, Response Questions, Data Problem. The result showed that of secondary contains mo...

This paper compares the accuracy of several variations of the BLEU algorithm when applied to automatically evaluating student essays. The different configurations include closed-class word removal, stemming, two baseline wordsense disambiguation procedures, and translating the texts into a simple semantic representation. We also prove empirically that the accuracy is kept when the student answe...

Written responses can provide a wealth of data in understanding student reasoning on a topic. Yet they are timeand laborintensive to score, requiring many instructors to forego them except as limited parts of summative assessments at the end of a unit or course. Recent developments in Machine Learning (ML) have produced computational methods of scoring written responses for the presence or abse...

This paper deals with authoring assessments of complex competence involving open-ended questions. We present, PépiGen, a multi-criteria automatic assessor for school algebra, via a walkthrough of an example. PépiGen is based on our previous work on Pépite, an automatic cognitive diagnosis tool that capitalizes on educational research results. From that prototype, we derived patterns of diagnosi...

A total of 1177 participants from 45 training workshops joined a 3-day training program of the P.A.T.H.S. Project (Secondary 1 Program) in Hong Kong. At the end of each training workshop, participants were invited to respond to a questionnaire comprising 31 structured items and two open-ended questions which assessed what they had learned and experienced in the training workshop. Qualitative an...

A total of 907 participants from 31 training workshops joined a 3-day training program of the P.A.T.H.S. Project (Secondary 3 Program) in Hong Kong. At the end of a training workshop, participants were invited to respond to a questionnaire assessing what they had learned and experienced in the training workshop, with 31 structured items and two open-ended questions. Qualitative analyses of the ...

The recent developments in the field of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has resulted in a major paradigm shift in pedagogy and teaching learning. No longer restricted to the four walls of a classroom, ubiquitous learning is the current trend and universities are gearing up for larger intakes. In the wake of such an upsurge in volume, automatic evaluation of student answers is the...