This study has examined whether circulating estrogens are involved in regulating gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor mRNA expression in regions of the female rat brain known to contain estrogen receptors (ERs). In situ hybridization experiments using 35S-labeled oligonucleotides specific for alpha 2, beta 3, and gamma 1 subunit mRNAs of the GABAA receptor demonstrated that all three mRNAs ...

Until 1996, when estrogen receptor (ER)-beta was discovered, life seemed simple. The gonadal steroid hormone 17 beta-estradiol had one receptor, the ER, a ligand-inducible nuclear transcription factor. ER variants, the result of base pair insertions, transitions, and deletions, as well as alternative splicing, were considered abnormal and a prominent feature of breast cancer. Since then, like m...

Introduction: The role of estrogen in the stimulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons is clear. These neurons do not express estrogen alpha receptors, so other mediator neurons should be present to transmit the positive feedback effect of estrogen to the GnRH neurons. Kisspeptin neurons have an important role in the stimulation of GnRH neurons, so they can be the mediator of...

The estrogen-related receptors (ERR alpha, ERR beta, and ERR gamma) form a family of orphan nuclear receptors that share significant amino acid identity with the estrogen receptors, but for which physiologic roles remain largely unknown. By using a peptide sensor assay, we have identified the stilbenes diethylstilbestrol (DES), tamoxifen (TAM), and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) as high-affinity li...

Understanding effects of estrogen on the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) may help to elucidate the increased prevalence of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in women of ovarian cycling age. Estrogen replacement in ovariectomized (OVX) young rats amplifies the detrimental effects of stress on working memory (a PFC-mediated task), but the mechanisms by which this occurs have yet to be ...

background: malignant neoplastic lesions of the breast are one of the main causes of cancer death among women. several factors can be influential in the treatment process of breast cancer patients. the expression status of estrogen and progesterone receptors in tumor cells is among the most important determinants affecting the treatment approach and prognosis of these patients. in this paper, w...

17Beta-estradiol can potentiate kainate-induced currents in isolated hippocampal CA1 neurons. The action of estrogen was rapid in onset, steroid and stereospecific, and reversible. The potentiation could be mimicked by 8-bromo-cAMP, an activator of protein kinase A. As the hippocampus expresses both isoforms of the intracellular estrogen receptor (ER alpha and ER beta), the role of ERs in the r...

estrogen (e2) has neuroprotective effects on blood-brain-barrier (bbb) after traumatic brain injury (tbi). in order to investigate the roles of estrogen receptors (ers) in these kind of effects, er-α antagonist (mpp) and, er-β antagonist (phtpp), or non-selective estrogen receptors antagonist (ici 182780) were administered as regulators of cns cytokines levels and neuroinflammation after tbi. m...