OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to examine the association between maternal passive smoking during pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous PTD and to explore the potential interaction of the single or joint gene polymorphism of CYP1A1 and GSTs with maternal passive smoking on the risk of spontaneous PTD. METHOD We investigated whether the association between maternal passive smoking and PTD c...

The philosophical significance of language dependence results (à la Goodman’s “grue” problem) has been seriously underestimated. In this article I argue that: The trouble caused by language dependence is not confined to formal analyses of evidential support; language dependence concerns apply to any story about how we should draw conclusions from evidence. This is because language dependence re...

We characterize and illustrate evidential probability — an interval-valued measure of uncertainty that applies to sentences. Evidential probability is also taken to be relative to a body of knowledge or a database representing the data on which judgments of uncertainty are to be made. Every statement is equivalent to some statement to which statistics in the database are relevant. The problem i...

In order to improve our knowledge of how jurors come to make decisions, psychologists and criminologists have developed the ‘mock juror’ paradigm. Here the details of a mock (or real) criminal event are presented to a group of individuals acting as though they are jurors deliberating a trial. A number of mock jury studies have considered both evidential information, such as how the alleged perp...

Background. Given the cardiovascular disease (CVD) related importance of understanding the true effects of exercise on adiposity in overweight and obese children and adolescents, this study examined whether there is evidential value to rule out excessive and inappropriate reporting of statistically significant results, a major problem in the published literature, with respect to exercise-induce...

So far, most of the evidential distance and similarity measures proposed in the DempsterShafer theory literature have been based on the basic belief assignment function, so as the belief and plausibility functions as two main results of the theory are not directly used in this regard. In this paper, a new evidential distance measure is proposed based on these functions according to nearest neig...

This paper is concerned with the acquisition of the semantics and pragmatics of evidential markers in Turkish. Evidential markers encode the speaker’s source for the information being reported in the utterance. Turkish grammaticalizes evidentiality in two different past tense markers: -DI (past of direct experience) and –mIş (past of indirect experience). In this article, we report findings fro...

The study of coverage problem in uncertain WSN environment requires the consideration this uncertainty by taking best possible decisions, since it is impossible to explicitly represent all combinatorics produce a conditional active/passive state nodes' planning area interest, and allow reasoning on various environmental states partially known physical world. This paper addresses based Dempster-...

In order to improve our knowledge of how jurors come to make decisions, psychologists and criminologists have developed the ‘mock juror’ paradigm. Here the details of a mock (or real) criminal event are presented to a group of individuals acting as though they are jurors deliberating a trial. A number of mock jury studies have considered both evidential information, such as how the alleged perp...

The process of interpreting evidence in a court of law is pertinent for verdict deliberation. Evidence, however, is often open to a variety of interpretations. Studies have shown that factors other than evidential information presented in court can influence whether the verdict is ‘guilty’ or ‘not guilty’ and, in cases of ‘mock jurors’, can influence how punitive or lenient a sentence should be...