Consider the following line of thinking. For islands that are small and isolated, extinction is an authentic element of their biological integrity. A critical purpose of a park is to protect biological integrity. From those two points it would be best to refrain from conserving wolf predation as an ecological process in Isle Royale National Park and allow Isle Royale wolves to go extinct—if tha...

Amphibian species are declining worldwide, with a negative trend affecting both rare and widespread species. There is increasing evidence that resources must be allocated not only toward the monitoring of charismatic species; however, attention abundant has often been minimal. Here, we describe strong reduction in numbers several amphibian over last 3 years observed three independent studies co...

Human destruction of populations, species, and habitats in the hot spots of biodiversity is causing an extinction crisis (7). To quantify this crisis, we must estimate how often extincEnhanced online at tions happen in the abwww.sciencemag.org/cgi/ sence of human prescontent/full/294/5546/1469 sures. Although aggregated studies of the fossil record reveal rates of 0.1 to 1 extinction per year p...

Population genetics is the study of genetic variability within a population and of the forces that act upon it. As well as being of central importance to our understanding of evolution from prehistoric to modern times, it now also affects our everyday lives — whether considering human genetic disease, how to avoid the extinction of rare species or the merits of ‘DNA fingerprinting’ in forensic ...

The species-area relationship (SAR), i.e. the increase in species number with area, has been repeatedly used to predict species extinction, at both local and global scales, with habitat reduction. He and Hubbell (Nature, 2011; 473, 368e371), however, argued that the function that relates species loss with decreasing habitat area cannot be simply obtained reversing the species-area accumulation ...

Abstract One endemic tree species threatened with extinction in Sulawesi is Magnolia sulawesiana (Magnoliaceae). M. distributed the central and northern of island, Indonesia. This one most exploited for various purposes such as; home construction materials, furniture, musical instruments, sports equipment. The high demand this type wood has led to over-exploitation. natural population Sulawesi’...

The long-term persistence of completely asexual species is unexpected. Although asexuality has short-term evolutionary advantages, a lack of genetic recombination leads to the accumulation over time of deleterious mutations. The loss of individual fitness as a result of accumulated deleterious mutations is expected to lead to reduced population fitness and possible lineage extinction. Persisten...

abstract malacoplakia is a rare chronic inflammatory disease associated with infection and immunosuppression, and very few occurrences have been reported in the bone. the authors describe the case of a 22-year-old woman with paraplegia and urinary and fecal incontinence whose thoracic spine magnetic resonance imaging suggested a tumoral or extensive inflammatory process in the body of the 8th, ...