success is satisfactory for any athlete. however, some athletes will face anxietyin novel circumstances and fear of future will prevent them from improving. fearof failure is accompanied with stress and adaptation to stress is the most importantissue for an effective decision. the aim of this study was to examine validity andreliability of performance failure appraisal inventory (pfai). for thi...

according to the importance of entrepreneurship, as an engine of economic growth, recognizing the factors that influence business performance is of paramount important. since entrepreneurship is a cognitive process and fear affects it, the present study explores the effect of entrepreneur s’ perceived fear on their personal and business performance. the research is applied in intend and employs...

Introduction: The basolateral amygdala (BLA) and infralimbic area (IL) of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are two interconnected brain structures that mediate both fear memory expression and extinction. Besides the well-known role of the BLA in the acquisition and expression of fear memory, projections from IL to BLA inhibit fear expression and have a critical role in fear extinction. Howev...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the eating behaviour in people with a specific phobia of vomiting (SPOV), and whether those identified as restricting their food had a greater degree of psychopathology and impairment than those who do not restrict their food. METHOD We recruited 94 participants with SPOV. They were divided into those who reported restricting their food (SPOV-R) ...

social phobia is characterized by a fear of negative evaluation within social or performance situations, where individuals believe that they are under scrutiny and may be embarrassed (american psychiatric association, 2013). the present study was carried out to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy on decreasing fears of scrutiny by others in patients with ...

synonymy is a common phenomenon among different languages. the linguists of the world have had various views about it. thus, first this issue is put to survey among arabic linguists and then its scope in the holy qur’ān is discussed. the phenomenon of synonymy has its proponents and opponents, each having their own reasons. this disagreement stems from the lack of a comprehensive and exclusive ...