Background and purpose: The 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) are phenolic compounds which may have adverse effects on human and environment. Therefore, removing these compounds from water and wastewater is necessary. This study aims to analyze 2-CP and 4-CP removal by using Azolla filiculoides biomass. Materials & Methods: Azolla biomass was sun dried, crushed and sieved to parti...

Grassland ecosystems play an important role in subsistence agriculture and the global carbon cycle. However, the global spatio-temporal patterns and environmental controls of grassland biomass are not well quantified and understood. The goal of this study was to estimate the spatial and temporal patterns of the global grassland biomass and analyze their driving forces using field measurements, ...

BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE Composting is being proposed as a pretreatment step before disposal of metal-rich biomass after phytoextraction process. This study determined the biomass reduction and arsenic transformation during composting As-rich biomass of hyperaccumulator Chinese brake fern (Pteris vittata L.). MATERIALS AND METHODS High-As fern biomass containing approximately 4,600 mg As kg...

The present study aims to determine spectral bands that are best suited for characterizing rice agronomic variables. The data for this study came from ground-level hyperspectral reflectance measurements of rice at different stage. Reflectance was measured in discrete narrow bands between 350 and 2500 nm. Observed rice agronomic variables included leaf area index (LAI), wet biomass (WBM includin...

Gd2O3 nanoparticles were prepared by a two–step process; cathodic electrodeposition followed by heat-treatment method. First, Gd(OH)3 nanoparticles was galvanostatically deposited from nitrate bath on the steel substrate by pulse current (PC) mode. The deposition experiments was conducted at a typical on-time and off-time (ton=1ms and toff=1ms) for 60 min. The electrodeposited precursor was the...

We present novel length to ash-free dry mass and preclitellar diameter to ash-free dry mass allometric equations for seven earthworm species from the families Megascolecidae and Lumbricidae, all of which are exotic and most of which are of ecological concern in North America: Eisenia hortensis, Eisenia fetida, Dendrodrilus rubidus, Lumbricus rubellus, Octolasion sp., Amynthas hilgendorfi, and P...

Quantitative losses in various biochemical constituents like capsaicin, carotenes, ascorbic acid, polyphenols, mineral matter, sugars (soluble and insoluble), protein and fat were estimated after the successful growth of Aspergillus flavus for 30 days on powdered red pepper. The fungal biomass was measured by ergosterol content and Aflatoxin B1 by HPLC. Amongst the various nutritional constitue...

aflatoxin is one of the most hazardous mycotoxins injurious to both humans and animals. aflatoxin contamination of crops is a serious economic loss inflicted upon agriculture, food and animal industry throughout the entire world. in nature, there are microorganisms able to alleviate aflatoxin contamination in crop products. in this work, the effects of four strains of bacillus subtilis in reduc...

Tomato plants were inoculated with Meloidogyne incognita at initial populations (Pi) of 0, 1, 10, 50, 100, and 200 (x 1,000) eggs per plant and maintained in a growth chamber for 40 days. Total fresh biomass (roots + shoots) at harvest was unchanged by nematode inoculation with Pi of 1 x 10 eggs or less. Reductions in fresh shoot weight with increasing Pi coincided with increases in root weight...