Betalains are a family of natural pigments found exclusively in the plant order Caryophyllales. All members of this chemical family are biosynthesized through the common intermediate betalamic acid, which is capable of spontaneously condensing with various primary and secondary amines to produce betalains. Of particular interest is the red-violet betanin, most commonly obtained from Beta vulgar...

The interaction of a food colourant, quinoline yellow (Qy), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by spectrophotometry, spectrofluorometry, FT-IR and circular dichroism (CD) techniques. The experimental results indicated that the quenching mechanism of BSA by the dye was a static procedure. Various binding parameters were evaluated. The negative value of ΔH, negative value of ΔS and t...

In recent years, use of the DNA-intercalating dye propidium monoazide (PMA) in real-time PCR has been reported as a novel method to detect viable bacteria in different types of samples, such as food, environmental, and microbiological samples. In this study, viable cells of Acidovorax citrulli, the causal agent of bacterial seedling blight and fruit blotch, were selectively detected and differe...

Electrorotation is a noninvasive technique that is capable of detecting changes in the morphology and physicochemical properties of microorganisms. Electrorotation studies are reported for two intestinal parasites, Giardia intestinalis and Cyclospora cayetanensis. It is concluded that viable and nonviable G. intestinalis cysts can be differentiated by this technique, and support for this conclu...

Measurement of food intake in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is often necessary for studies of behaviour, nutrition and drug administration. There is no reliable and agreed method for measuring food intake of flies in undisturbed, steady state, and normal culture conditions. We report such a method, based on measurement of feeding frequency by proboscis-extension, validated by short-term...

environmental contamination, which is growing around the world, is a serious problem can not to be neglected. among all contaminations, water pollution is a major problem. azo dyes are one of the largest groups of pollutants found in the drinking water, coming from, and the food and textile industries. tio2/fe3o4 and tio2/fe2o3 nanocomposites with various ratios were synthesized by an ultrasoni...

Sudan dyes I, II, III & IV are synthetic, oil-soluble, red-coloured azo dyes. These suspected genotoxic carcinogens and have been used in the adulteration of palm oil products. Many experimental studies on animal specimen confirmed formation tumour due to presence different food In this study, a Simple Thin Layer Chromatographic method is described for qualitative detection Sudan-I, gotten ...

The rostral cluster of SCP-immunoreactive cells, originally identified in each buccal hemiganglion of juvenile Aplysia, was examined in mature specimens. Immunohistochemical and dye-fill experiments showed that each rostral cluster consists of approximately 40 cells. Although these neurons exhibit heterogeneity of size and shape, all cells project an axon into the radula nerve. Tracing of dye-f...

Textile and food industries produce a significant volume of effluents containing azo dyes other pollutants. These are serious environmental threats, new methods for their treatment the degradation thus attracting much attention. The current study deals with oxidative by meso-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)prophyrinatoiron(III), [FeIII(tmpyp)], meta-chloroperoxy benzoic acid (m-CPBA) in aqueou...