There is a widespread feeling that health is special; the rules that are usually used in other policy areas are not applied in health policy. Health economists, for example, tend to be reluctant to offer economists’ usual prescription of competition and consumer choice, even though they have largely failed to justify this reluctance by showing that health economics involves special features suc...

Running against this principle are Cartesian foundationalist views which contend that, with the exception of core foundational beliefs, the mere fact that a person starts out believing something gives it no privileged position regarding immunity from dismissal, and that only a justification built on foundational beliefs warrants continued belief. Alchourrón, Gärdenfors and Makinson (AGM) carrie...

We consider the connections between belief revision, conditional logic and nonmonotonic reasoning, using as a foundation the approach to theory change developed by Alchourrón, Gärdenfors and Makinson (the AGM approach). This is first generalized to allow the iteration of theory change operations to capture the dynamics of epistemic states according to a principle of minimal change of entrenchme...

“existence”, and “the existence preceding the essence” are the key phrases in philosophy of mollasadra and the existential philosophy. because of this similarities, at first glance, it seems it is possible to have a comparative study between them. for examining this theory it is necessary to make the concept of human, and human existence clear and also it is necessary to study the approaches in...

)w hat is common and di fferent in two great thinkers’ views?rationality of faith is one of the most important issues in contemporary philosophy of religion that most philosophers of religion have discussed it . alvin plantinga and richard swinburne with theistic approach have discussed this subject. swinburne with evidentialist approach concludes that religious belief like every another belief...

Abstract For scholars that are working with epistemology and the importance thereof within context of ongoing bickering (fighting/mudslinging) between theist atheists, or rather rationality irrationality in theology religion, may come to view religion as a monument from where better belief system (as an incentive) can have effect on current faith systems. Therefore, Judeo-Christian-Islamic lang...

rationality of religious belief is one of the most important issues in the philosophy of religion and includes five epistemological approaches. up till recent times, evidentialism was the approach prevalent in the field of rationality of religious beliefs. and it was considered as a symbol of maximal rationalism. reformed epistemology, however, is a newly-emerged school which opposes evidential...

According to Patrick Colm Hogan, in the US academic context, few people in literary theory or comparative literature have much familiarity with non-Western literary theories, and fewer still have research expertise in the field. While working on a project in non-Western literary theory, he was surprised to find that many of his friends and colleagues found it difficult to understand what non-We...

In recent years, a crisis of demoliberal hegemony has emerged in many countries the broadly understood West. The considerations this article focus primarily on juridical dimension liberal democracy. key issue is genealogy, history, and process decomposing faith apolitical nature discursive rules jurisprudence. assumption objectivity these their exceptional status considered an important object ...

A Alternate Semantics 104 Bibliography 108 2 Chapter 1 Philosophy 1.1 Forward The purpose of this thesis is to present a formal framework which tries to present a novel modal logic for reasoning about knowledge. Subsequently, we shall conform to the following structure: §1 First, we shall elaborate the on our philosophical intuition behind our epistemic logic, and provide a sketch of how the sy...