Recent debate has focused on the role of cis-regulatory mutations in the evolution of genes controlling morphology. Identification of the molecular basis of naturally occurring variation in leaf hair (trichome) density in Arabidopsis, combined with earlier work in the same system, sheds light on this debate.

in this paper the effects of non-linearity of suspension on dynamic behavior of a railway wheelset has been studied. this wheelset has four degrees of freedom that with two constraints it has reduced to two degrees of freedom. vermeulen-johnson theory has been used to calculate contact forces between wheel and rail. in this study the creep coefficients have considered constant. any linearizatio...

Urban management in any context has a different economic, social and political structure, which is in harmony with the existing models of organization. In spite of these differences, in order to reach a sustainable urban development, several different conferences should be referred to. In the “Brundtland Commission 1987” about urban sustainable development these definitions have been given: “pr...

Background The importance of evaluating policy processes to achieve health equity is well recognised but such evaluation encounters methodological, theoretical and political challenges. This paper describes how a program theorybased evaluation framework can be developed and tested, using the example of an evaluation of the South Australian Health in All Policies (HiAP) initiative.   Methods A f...

extended abstract 1. introduction iran's islamic revolution that was initially started after the coup of 1932 (1955 ad), during the 25 years until 1979, in terms of formation, persistence, and practical and ideological leadership took a direction that major revolutions of 19th and 20th centuries fail to take. these revolutions believed that any change out of their framework was simply impossibl...

What implications does a dirty-handed politician‟s assertion that dirty hands are necessary for certain political achievements have on our understanding of the relationship between political actors and the political community? The problem of dirty hands, as described in Michael Walzer‟s “Political Action: The Problem of Dirty Hands,” occurs when a political actor finds that he must transgress o...

in this article despite of emphasis on the role of political cultural and religious factors to making political behavior and decision of society we try to explaining the relation between social and economical dissatisfaction and voting to political factions in iran.(in this article our concern is about voting to second khordad faction under the leadership of khatamy). in this theory we want to ...

in any political system, recognition of constitutional keywords is an important pathway for understanding constitutional system desirably. the recognition matters increasingly, when a keyword is rooted in constitutional system&aposs; ideological bases and its underlying political theory. ummah, a term with religious and islamic theme, has come from religious literature into the constitution of ...

This essay will attempt, first and foremost, a definitive exposition of Marx’s theory of productive and unproductive labour.1 This theory is presented in the three volumes of Capital and in Theories of Surplus Value—Marx’s projected historico-critical fourth volume.2 This seems useful and necessary for several reasons. First, as one of the most suspect legacies of classical political economy, i...