Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is employed in many behavior analysis studies, with blood oxygen level dependent- (BOLD-) contrast imaging being the main method used to generate images. The use of BOLD-contrast imaging in fMRI has been refined over the years, for example, the inclusion of a spin echo pulse and increased magnetic strength were shown to produce better recorded images...

A challenge to ultra high field functional magnetic resonance imaging is the predominance of noise associated with physiological processes unrelated to tasks of interest. This degradation in data quality may be partially reversed using a series of preprocessing algorithms designed to retrospectively estimate and remove the effects of these noise sources. However, such algorithms are routinely v...

When humans are provided with ample time to make a decision, individual differences in strategy emerge. Using an adaptation of a well-studied decision making paradigm, motion direction discrimination, we probed the neural basis of individual differences in strategy. We tested whether strategies emerged from moment-to-moment reconfiguration of functional brain networks involved in decision makin...

The use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in non-human primates is on the increase. It is known that the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal varies not only as a function of local neuronal energy consumption but also as a function of cardiac and respiratory activity. We mapped these cyclic cardiac and respiratory artifacts in anesthetized macaque monkeys and present an obje...

We tested two competing models for the brain basis of emotion, the basic emotion theory and the conceptual act theory of emotion, using resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fcMRI). The basic emotion view hypothesizes that anger, sadness, fear, disgust and happiness each arise from a brain network that is innate, anatomically constrained and homologous in other an...

Abbreviations: BBB: Blood Brain Barrier; Ca: Calcium; CT: Computed Tomography; EM: Electro-Magnetic; EMA: European Medicines Agency; FDA: (U.S.) Food And Drug Administration; Fmri: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gd: Gadolinium; GI: Gastro-Intestinal; IV: Intra-Venous; Mn: Manganese; MEMRI: Manganese-Enhanced MRI; Mn-DPDP: Chelated Manganese Nanoparticles; MRA: Magnetic Resonance Angiogr...

Today, neuroscientists are interested in discovering human brain functions through brain networks. In this regard, the evaluation of dynamic changes in functional connectivity of the brain regions by using functional magnetic resonance imaging data has attracted their attention. In this paper, we focus on two model-based approaches, called the exponential weighted moving average model and the d...

case presentation we present a case with a typical picture of myocarditis but normal echocardiographic findings, the diagnosis of which was confirmed by cardiac mri. discussion in particular, cardiac mri data are useful in borderline cases or in the presence of discrepancy between clinical picture and echocardiographic results. introduction the diagnosis of myocarditis based on a spectrum of fi...

levamisole is an anthelmintic agent and also immunostimulant drug which is used to treat colorectal cancer. the present study aimed to show accidental consumption of levamisole alone induced multifocal inflammatory leukoencephalopathy. a 53-year-old male was admitted to the neurology department of farabi hospital (kermanshah, iran) with walking inability and recognition disorder. following clin...

In the short time since its introduction, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has rapidly evolved to become an indispensable tool for clinical diagnosis and biomedical research. Recently, this methodology has been successfully used for the acquisition of functional, physiological, and biochemical information in intact systems, particularly in the human body. The ability to map areas of altered neu...