Because of the high cost of commercial genotyping chip technologies, many investigations have used a two-stage design for genome-wide association studies, using part of the sample for an initial discovery of "promising" SNPs at a less stringent significance level and the remainder in a joint analysis of just these SNPs using custom genotyping. Typical cost savings of about 50% are possible with...

In this paper, we construct two fuzzy sets using the notions of level subsets and strong level subsets of a given fuzzy set in a ring R. These fuzzy sets turn out to be identical and provide a universal construction of a fuzzy ideal generated by a given fuzzy set in a ring. Using this construction and employing the technique of strong level subsets, we provide the shortest and direct fuzzy set ...

In this note the notion of interval-valued fuzzy B-algebras (briefly,i-v fuzzy B-algebras), the level and strong level B-subalgebra is introduced.Then we state and prove some theorems which determine the relationshipbetween these notions and B-subalgebras. The images and inverse images ofi-v fuzzy B-subalgebras are defined, and how the homomorphic images andinverse images of i-v fuzzy B-subalge...

in this note we consider the notion of intuitionistic fuzzy (weak) dual hyper k-ideals and obtain related results. then we classify this notion according to level sets. after that we determine the relationships between intuitionistic fuzzy (weak) dual hyper k-ideals and intuitionistic fuzzy (weak) hyper k-ideals. finally, we define the notion of the product of two intuitionistic fuzzy (weak) du...

Let $L$ be an integral and commutative quantale. In this paper, by fuzzifying the notion of generalized neighborhood systems, the notion of $L$-fuzzy generalized neighborhoodsystem is introduced and then a pair of lower and upperapproximation operators based on it are defined and discussed. It is proved that these approximation operators include generalized neighborhood system...

Usually, Symmetry and Asymmetry are considered as two opposite sides of a coin: an object is either totally symmetric, or totally asymmetric, relative to pattern objects. Intermediate situations of partial symmetry or partial asymmetry are not considered. But this dichotomy on the classification lacks of a necessary and realistic gradation. For this reason, it is convenient to introduce "shade ...

abstract background and purpose: since protein a is considered an important protein from medical, medicinal, genetic engineering, and biotechnology point of view, the present study attempted to investigate and determine to what extent protein a is produced through regression, in addition to the production conditions of the protein. thus, a figure was introduced as for the estimation of the amou...