Artificial Intelligence is rapidly leaving its academic home and moving into the marketplace. There are few precedents for an arcane academic subject becoming commercialized so rapidly. But, genetic engineering, which recently burst forth from academia to become the foundation for the hot new biotechnology industry, provides useful insights into the rites of passage awaiting the commercializat,...

We describe the genetic structure and affinities of five Dravidian-speaking tribal populations inhabiting the Nilgiri hills of Tamil Nadu, in south India, using 24 autosomal DNA markers. Our goals were: (i). to examine what evolutionary forces have most significantly impacted south Indian tribal genetic variation, and (ii). to test whether the phenotypic similarities of some south Indian tribal...

OBJECTIVE To propose a new approach for comparing genetic and linguistic diversity in populations belonging to distantly related groups. BACKGROUND Comparisons of linguistic and genetic differences have proved powerful tools to reconstruct human demographic history. Current models assume on both sides that similarities reflect either descent from common ancestry or the balance between isolati...

There are many examples of protein cages in nature, from the outer capsid shells viruses that protect their genetic material, to simple organelle-like structures bacteria house enzymes within interior. This Account serves introduce world a chemical audience, and highlight similarities concepts supramolecular chemistry, revealing how knowledge base chemistry can provide foundation for valuable i...