In this research the simulation of an air independent Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) propulsion system was taken into consideration. The system consists of several parts including PEM fuel cell stack, metal hydride and liquid oxygen (LOX) tanks, and also pre-heaters of oxygen and hydrogen gases along with other heat exchangers, to ensure proper operation of system. The heat recovery...

low level lasers, cold or soft lasers: these lasers do not produce thermal effects on tissues and induce photoreactions in cellsthrough light stimulation which is called photobiostimulation. power of these lasers is usually under 250mw. the main point differentiating low level lasers and high power ones is the activation of photochemical reactions without heat formation. the most important fact...

Abstract: In the last few years, due to the development of the new equipment in power systems, challenges have appeared in their planning and operation. One of these issues is the development of combined heat and power (CHP) units. These units have the capability to generate heat and electricity simultaneously according to their limitations. Hence, it is necessary for them to think about the ar...

this paper describes a study that starts with an analysis of typical energy demand profiles in a hospital setting followed by a case study of a combined cooling, heating, and power (cchp) generation system.cchp is an autonomous system that combines the generation of electrical, heating, and cooling energy.the driving units are two high-efficiency gas engines that produce electrical and heat ene...

Recently, Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems have been utilized increasingly in power systems. With the addition penetration of CHP-based co-generation of electricity and heat, the determination of economic dispatch of power and heat becomes a more complex and challenging issue. The optimal operation of CHP-based systems is inherently a nonlinear and non-convex optimization problem with a lo...

The convective heat transfer and pressure drop of water based Al2O3 nanofluid in a horizontal tube subject to constant wall temperature condition is investigated by computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method. The Al2O3 nanofluid at five volume concentration of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2 % are applied as a non Newtonian power law and Newtonian fluid with experimentally measured properties of density...

In this paper, a multi-objective optimization method is implemented by using of genetic algorithm techniques in order to determine optimum configuration of solar chimney power plant. The objective function which is simultaneously considered in the analysis is output power of the plant. Output power of the system is maximized. Design parameters of the considered plant include collector radius (R...

load management and cost optimization are among the important factors in trigenerationsystems and combined cooling, heating and power (cchp) systems. in this study, an innovative cchpsystem uses a gas turbine as the prime mover and has a heat recovery steam generator (hrsg) in addition toan auxiliary boiler, electric and absorption chillers. the system is tied with the bulk electric grid; to ex...

Wind energy is used to rotate a magnetic turbine in order to remove heat from the surface of a photovoltaic (PV) panel. A three-bladed turbine, which rotates with wind energy, has rotational motion underneath the studied PV panel in order to move Magnetic Nano-Particles (MNPs). In addition, effects of the magnetic field strength (B=450-830 mT), rotational velocity of the magnetic turbine (ω), a...