Motivated by field studies of the Ems estuary which show longitudinal gradients in bottom sediment concentration as high as O(0.01 kg/m), we develop an analytical model for estuarine residual circulation based on currents from salinity gradients, turbidity gradients, and freshwater discharge. Salinity is assumed to be vertically well mixed, while the vertical concentration profile is assumed to...

We compared the effects of specimen turbidity and glycerol concentration on nine enzymatic methods for triglyceride measurement. We assayed 51 specimens with triglyceride concentrations of 0.85-8.21 mmol/L (75-727 mg/dL) and turbidity at 420 nm equivalent to > or = 0.1 mmol/L (8.8 mg/dL) triglyceride (measured as part of our comparison method). The data were analyzed by multiple regression, whi...

Marine viruses are the most abundant entities in the ocean and play crucial roles in the marine ecological system. However, understanding of viral diversity on large scale depends on efficient and reliable viral purification and concentration techniques. Here, we report on developing an efficient method to purify and concentrate viruses from large body of high turbidity seawater. The developed ...

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a nucleic acid amplification method that allows the synthesis of large amounts of DNA in a short period of time with high specificity. As the LAMP reaction progresses, the reaction by-product pyrophosphate ions bind to magnesium ions and form a white precipitate of magnesium pyrophosphate. We designed an apparatus capable of measuring the turbidi...

Coral reefs are currently experiencing a number of worsening anthropogenic stressors, with nearshore reefs suffering from increasing sedimentation because of growing human populations and development in coastal regions. In habitats where vision and olfaction serve as the primary sources of information, reduced visual input from suspended sediment may lead to significant alterations in prey fish...

In tuna farming, turbidity measurement is highly important since one of the cause of death of tuna is a choking death due to muddy water. In this paper, we consider to use visible light communication modules for estimation of turbidity in underwater environments. If these modules can be used as turbidity meters, additional introduction of dedicated turbidity meters is not necessary. In this pap...

The use of synthetic coagulants is not regarded as suitable due to health and economic considerations. Studies were carried out in laboratory scale on deionised water containing synthetic turbidity of kaolinite. Experiments were carried out in four turbidity ranges: 10, 50, 500, 1000 (NTU) and the pH range 5-8. The efficiency of moringa oleifera seed extract and polyaluminum chloride was examin...

The interaction of sodium octanoate, decanoate or dodecanoate with lead(II) has been studied in aqueous solutions using potentiometry, electrical conductivity, turbidity and ICP-OES measurements. These show an alkyl chain length dependence on the behavior. At the lead(II) concentration used (1.0 mM), relatively strong interactions are observed with the decanoate and dodecanaote, leading to form...

Estuarine waters are generally more turbid than lakes or marine waters due to greater algal mass and continual re-suspension of sediments. The varying effects of diurnal and seasonal prevailing winds on the turbidity condition of a wind-dominated estuary were investigated by spatial and statistical analyses of wind direction, water level, turbidity, chlorophyll a, and PAR (Photosynthetically Ac...

Changes in nutrient loading and invasive species are among the strongest human-driven disturbances in freshwater ecosystems, but our knowledge on how they affect the biodiversity of lakes is still limited. We conducted a detailed historical analysis of the mollusc community of Oneida Lake based on our comprehensive lakewide study in 2012 and previous surveys dating back to 1915. In the early 20...