Class Origin, Family Culture, and Intergenerational Correlation of Education in Rural China This paper examines the determinants of intergenerational correlation of education in rural China by using a data from a large survey of households. Three generations who completed education during the period from pre-1949 to the beginning of the 2000s are included. The focus is on the influence of famil...

Increasing evidence highlights a role for the immune system in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as immune dysregulation is observed in the brain, periphery, and gastrointestinal tract of ASD individuals. Furthermore, maternal infection (maternal immune activation, MIA) is a risk factor for ASD. Modeling this risk factor in mice yields offspring with the cardinal behavioral an...

Maternally-derived antibodies (MDAs) can protect offspring against influenza virus infection but may also inhibit active immune responses. To overcome MDA- mediated inhibition, active immunization of offspring with an inactivated H5N1 whole-virion vaccine under the influence of MDAs was explored in mice. Female mice were vaccinated twice via the intraperitoneal (IP) or intranasal (IN) route wit...

BACKGROUND Disturbances in cortisol secretion are associated with risk for psychiatric disorder, including depression. Animal research indicates that early care experiences influence hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning in offspring. Similar effects are suggested in human development, but evidence of longitudinal associations between observed early parenting and offspring corti...

Life-history theory posits a fundamental trade-off between number and size of offspring that structures the variability in parental investment across and within species. We investigate this 'quantity-quality' trade-off across primates and present evidence that a similar trade-off is also found across natural-fertility human societies. Restating the classic Smith-Fretwell model in terms of allom...

Human values seem to vary across time and space. What implications does this have for the future of human value? Will our (perhaps) post-human offspring very different from own? Can we study in an insightful systematic way? This article makes three contributions debate about values. First, it argues that is both necessary itself important complement other future-oriented inquiries. Second, sets...

BACKGROUND Maternal infection during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia and autism in the offspring. Supporting this correlation, experimentally activating the maternal immune system during pregnancy in rodents produces offspring with abnormal brain and behavioral development. We have developed a nonhuman primate model to bridge the gap between clinical populations ...

The purpose of the present study was to obtain quantitative values for human skull structures in a cross-sectional analysis of offspring and their parents. The offspring were classified into three groups according to age. For each of 11 maxillo-facial and nine dento-alveolar structural angular measurements, the mean and SD were calculated for each set of paternal, maternal, midparent and offspr...