The origin of new homoploid species via hybridization is theoretically difficult because it requires the development of reproductive isolation in sympatry. Nonetheless, this mode is often and carelessly used by botanists to account for the formation of species that are morphologically intermediate with respect to related congeners. Here, I review experimental, theoretical, and empirical studies...

This paper proposes a novel data-based approach for estimating the parameters of a stochastic hybrid model describing the traffic flow in an urban traffic network with signalized intersections. The model represents the evolution of the traffic flow rate, measuring the number of vehicles passing a given location per time unit. This traffic flow rate is described in this paper using a mode-depend...

Productive efficiency for Chinese hybrid and conventional rice production is estimated using a dual stochastic frontier efficiency decomposition model. Results reveal significant differences in technical and allocative efficiency between conventional and hybrid rice production, and indicate significant regional efficiency differences in hybrid rice production, but not in conventional rice produ...

production of new hybrids is important for growing aquaculture and protecting wild stocks of fish species. a hybrid between female asp × male kutum ( leuciscus aspius ♀ × rutilus frisii ♂) was produced and its growth performance was monitored in two rearing systems for 55 days. the fish held in earthen ponds exhibited higher performance compared to those held in concrete tanks. the results also...

Switching Diffusion processes can be represented as pathwise unique solutions of SDE’s in a hybrid state space that are driven by Brownian motion and Poisson random measure. This paper extends these SDE’s to switching jumpdiffusions, the jumps of which i) happen simultaneously with mode switching, and ii) depend on the mode after the switching. Jumps satisfying both i) and ii) are referred to a...

In this paper, a continuous hybrid differentiator is presented based on a strong Lyapunov function. The differentiator design can not only reduce sufficiently chattering phenomenon of derivative estimation by introducing a perturbation parameter, but also the dynamical performances are improved by adding linear correction terms to the nonlinear ones. Moreover, strong robustness ability is obtai...

Mao [10] recently initiated the study of the mean-square exponential stabilisation of continuous-time hybrid stochastic differential equations (SDEs) by the feedback controls based on the discrete-time observations of the state. However, the feedback controls still depend on the continuous-time observations of the mode. Of course this is perfectly fine if the mode of the system is obvious (i.e....