Growing demand for sustainable products has led to increased interest in the use of paperboard as a structural material. Paperboard products are almost exclusively manufactured by embossing, pulp molding, and bending processes. Other well-known forming methods, such as deep or stretch drawing, are only rarely applied to paperboard. This is primarily ascribed to the lack of knowledge concerning ...

abstracthydroforming process is a deep stretching process only with the difference that a fluid is used instead of the mandrel. this paper investigates the hydroforming process of non-cylindrical and non-spherical geometries using finite element analysis software to calculate the influences of effective process parameters such as the coefficient of friction between the surfaces and the pressure...

This paper is devoted to the hydroforming performances of toroidal pressure hulls with octagonal cross-sections, together buckling hydroformed hulls. The cross-sections preforms are inscribed from circular perfect shells a 150 mm major radius, 75 section and 1.058 wall thickness. nonlinear finite-element method was employed study under various pressures. To verify numerical findings, three nomi...

Research in the last 15 years has led to die-less incremental forming processes that are close to realization in an industrial setup. Whereas many studies have been carried out with the intention of investigating technical abilities and economic consequences, the ecological impact of incremental sheet forming (ISF) has not been studied so far. Using the concept of exergy analysis, two ISF techn...

IRDI – An Overview IRDI (Industrial Research + Development Institute) is located in Midland, Ontario, Canada. IRDI was founded in 1992 by two local business entrepreneurs as an industry-driven research institute. IRDI moved to its current location in 1995, and is still housed within this industrial-scale 55,000 square foot facility that was acquired by Georgian College of Applied Arts and Techn...