Endowing a lower-bounded partially ordered set with a total addition or with a total difference operation leads to the basic notion of a NAM, that is, a naturally ordered abelian monoid, or a BCK-algebra, respectively. BL-algebras may be alteratively viewed as certain NAMs or certain BCK-algebras. We characterize the appropriate subclasses by making use of those properties which have been so fa...

In this paper, we have studied the notion of nearness $d$-algebras which is a generalization BCK-algebras (or NBCK-algebra for short). Therefore, it defined that notions d$-subalgebra, d-ideal in $d$-algebras. Afterward, investigated relations among them and gave some examples.

In this paper, we introduce a notion of generalized states from an EQ-algebra E1 to another EQ-algebra E2, which is a generalization of internal states (or state operators) on an EQ-algebra E. Also we give a type of special generalized state from an EQ-algebra E1 to E1, called generalized internal states (or GI-state). Then we give some examples and basic properties of generalized (internal) st...

Since all the algebras connected to logic have, more or less explicitely, an associated order relation, it follows that they have two presentations, dual to each other. We classify these dual presentations in ”left” and ”right” ones and we consider that, when dealing with several algebras in the same research, it is useful to present them unitarily, either as ”left” algebras or as ”right” algeb...

In this paper we introduce the concepts of hyper P -semisimple Ialgebra and Abelian hyper I-algebra and we state and prove some related results. The hyper p-semi simple I-algebras is a generalization of p-semisimple BCI-algebras and a subclass of hyper I-algebras. Specially we show that every Abelian hyper I-algebra is a hyper psemisimple I-algebra and a commutative canonical hypergroup. In fol...

Since all the algebras connected to logic have, more or less explicitely, an associated order relation, it follows that they have two presentations, dual to each other. We classify these dual presentations in ”left” and ”right” ones and we consider that, when dealing with several algebras in the same research, it is useful to present them unitarily, either as ”left” algebras or as ”right” algeb...