The present study describes approaches for the identification of individual beech trees using maternal tissues from their seeds or fruits. Four microsatellite markers were used for genetic analysis of seedlots from Fagus orientalis Lipsky, a highly out-crossing tree species. Seeds from 11 single-tree harvests belonging to one population, (7 seeds from each), as well as non-paranchymatic materna...

Environmental gradients are important factors that can potentially influence the genetic diversity and differentiation of populations. The present study examines effect environmental heterogeneity Hyrcanian forests on populations Circaea lutetiana L. (Onagraceae). Using morphometrics, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) leaf epidermis, molecular markers, we analyzed among nine from environmental...

Besides Quercus, Acer L. genus is the largest tree in Northern Hemisphere and consists of about 124–156 species. High morphological molecular variability has led to infra-specific complexity within most species this genus. In Iran, cappadocicum subsp. Gled. distributed eastern western parts Hyrcanian forests. study, three leaf-morphotypes A. were identified during sampling a forest located regi...

Estimating the diameter increment of forests is one most important relationships in forest management and planning. The aim this study was to provide insight into application two machine learning methods, i.e., multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP) adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), for developing models Hyrcanian forests. For purpose, diameters at breast height (DBH...

Aim To analyse the biogeographic patterns of Temperate Deciduous Forests (TDFs) in Western Eurasia based on different life-forms and forests layers explore their relationships with current climate, Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) climate topography. Location Eurasia. Taxon Vascular plants. Methods We delimited nine regions encompassing variability TDFs collected 1000 vegetation plots from each. deco...