We provide an evolutionary foundation to evidence that in some situations humans maintain optimistic or pessimistic attitudes towards uncertainty and are ignorant to relevant aspects of the environment. Players in strategic games face Knightian uncertainty about opponents’ actions and maximize individually their Choquet expected utility. Our Choquet expected utility model allows for both an opt...

Viewing the way society has defined its rules and mechanisms as “social software”, we want to understand how people behave given their understanding of the societal rules and given their wish to further their interest as they conceive it, and how social mechanisms should be designed to suit people furthering their interest as they conceive it. This chapter is written from the perspective of str...

This research demonstrates that preschoolers flexibly trust and mistrust the same individuals, as preschoolers recognize that their intentions may vary. In Study 1 (N=101) 3and 4-yearolds trusted speakers based on their current, rather than previous, intentions to give in/correct information. Thus preschoolers infer the meanings behind different intentions and recognize that intentions change w...

If we already know how to tie our shoelaces, it should not be necessary to learn again. When somebody shows you how to tie them, if you already know how, you may not regard the person as a source of knowledge. Do preschoolers understand the role of learner’s knowledge states in learning the same way? The current study, with seventy-two 3to 5-year-olds, tested preschoolers’ understanding of lear...

background: we report the analgesic efficacy of lumbar epidural adenosine injection in reducing the chronic neuropathic pain in a patient with primitive neuroectodermal tumor. report of the case: in this case report a 13-year-old male with primary neuroectodermal tumor (pnet) was administered in epidural space with adenosine to reduce his pain. the patient received 10ml of 0.25% ropivacaine and...