The precise probability of a compound event (e.g. e1 _ e2; e1 ^ e2) depends upon the known relationships (e.g. independence, mutual exclusion, ignorance of any relationship, etc.) between the primitive events that constitute the compound event. To date, most research on probabilistic logic programming 20, 19, 22, 23, 24] has assumed that we are ignorant of the relationship between primitive eve...

A model of information structure and common knowledge is presented which does not take states of the world as primitive. Rather, these states are constructed as sets of propositions, including propositions which describe knowledge. In this model information structure and measurability structure are endogenously defined in terms of the relation between the propositions. In particular, when agent...

When prior probabilities are given as data, there is generally little objection to the use of the Bayes formula or Bayesian networks. On the other hand, when prior probabilities are lacking, Bayesians have the tendency to ignore their ignorance and to make the priors up out of thin air. This leads to decisions in situations where gathering more information would be more appropriate. This paper ...

Innuence Diagrams (ids) are a graphic formalism able to provide a compact representation of decision problems. ids are based on the axioms of probability and decision theory, and they deene a normative framework to model decision making. Unfortunately, ids require a large amount of information that is not always available to the decision maker. This paper introduces a new class of ids, called I...

jahilid poetry should be known as a pre-islamic life. poem has been illustrator during the life of its people and its surrounding shape. perhaps it could be say atlal discussed in the introduction of pre-islamic odes and according to it, is the most popular topics of jahilid poetry. standing on atlal and desolate land, and weep over them, not limited to the pre-islamic poetry, and the poets of ...