kant believes that the concepts of a just and compassionate god and the life beyond death spring from our rational need to unite happiness with virtue. but since kant had banished happiness from any place in moral reasoning, his philosophy of religion have been deemed as not merely discontinuous with his ethics but radically opposed to it. this article tries to argue against this apparent incon...

in his critique of purge reason, kant insists that the human understanding is only able to know phenomena. however, in critique of practical reason, he proves the objective reality of god, freedom and immortality of soul. at first, the result of the two critiques seems to be at odds with each other, with kant himself calling the problem, the dilemma of philosophy of critiquing. by putting forwa...

In this article, we propose a consecutive analysis of Kant?s concept liberal thought and the basics institutional structure community, which shape an immutable body all possible logics development social practices thinking within frame world order. For purposes study, methodological premise is that Kantian metaphysics morality, law religion can be considered one primal historic forms theory. Th...

1. Kant uses the terms perception, appearance, object, thing, and thing in itself throughout this book. Many of the most common misinterpretations of Kant arise from mistakenly reading the term “appearance” to mean something like “mere appearance,” that is, an illusion of a thing, or just an idea of a thing, or a perception of a thing. For Kant, the term “appearance” is synonymous with the term...

There are deep, insurmountable difficulties with the traditional interpretation of Immanuel Kantâ??s writings on the subject of punishment. Although it is undeniable that throughout his published writings on practical philosophy â?? and in particular in his Metaphysics of Morals â?? he consistently advocates for the view that punishment can only be justified as a direct response to an individua...

Abstract Within Kant scholarship, there is an entrenched tendency to distinguish, on Kant’s behalf, between pure and ‘schematized’ categories. There also a widespread view the schematized categories as conceptually richer than I argue that this reading of distinction, which call standard view, should be rejected. In its place, draw neglected part theory marks – namely, his account ‘synthetic at...