The in vitro production of bovine embryos by in vitro fertilization or nuclear transfer procedures is a valuable tool in wide routine use for both scientific and commercial purposes. However, this technology is associated with in utero abnormalities that may culminate in increased rates of pregnancy losses, hydrops of the fetal membranes, prolonged gestation, diminished signs of parturition, dy...

Muscular dystrophies, myopathies, and traumatic muscle injury and loss encompass a large group of conditions that currently have no cure. Myoblast transplantations have been investigated as potential cures for these conditions for decades. However, current techniques lack the ability to generate cell numbers required to produce any therapeutic benefit. In utero stem cell transplantation into em...

A preterm (32wks, 1.4 kg) female baby, born to a multigravida mother by emergency section in a tertiary care center (no history of consanguinity, exposure to teratogens, radiation, trauma, smoking or alcohol intake during pregnancy), presented with amputated right leg attached with a skin tag to the remaining part of right lower limb. No other defects were present. Ultrasound abdomen and craniu...

BACKGROUND A cornerstone of neonatal resuscitation teaching suggests that a rapid vagal-mediated bradycardia is one of the first signs of perinatal compromise. As this understanding is based primarily on fetal studies, we investigated whether the heart rate and blood pressure response to total asphyxia is influenced by whether the animal is in utero or ex utero. METHODS Fetal sheep were instr...

The Fetal Origins Hypothesis (FOH), put forward in the epidemiological literature and later flourished in the economics literature, suggests that the time in utero is a critical period for human development. However, much attention has been paid to the consequences of fetal exposures to more extreme natural shocks, while less is known about fetal exposures to milder but more commonly experience...