Evidence supports a clear racial variation in the position of the infraorbital foramen. Therefore detailed knowledge of the population specific data on biometric features of the infraorbital foramen will facilitate therapeutic, diagnostic and surgical manipulations in the maxillo-facial region. The goal of this study was to elucidate the morphological features and precise anatomical position of...

The foramen Magnum is a large opening in the occipital bone of the cranium. The dimensions of the foramen magnum are clinically important because vital structures passing through it may endure compression such as in cases of foramen magnum herniation, foramen Magnum meningiomas and foramen magnum achondroplasia. We studied one hundred dry, adult human skull of unknown sex and measured anteropos...

This case report was an attempt to present the importance of diagnostic echocardiography and closure of a patent foramen ovale in carcinoid heart disease. Herein, we present a case of a 48-year-old woman with a carcinoid metastasis presenting with tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonic stenosis, patent foramen ovale, and borderline left ventricular ejection fraction on an echocardiogram. Surgical in...

accurately localizing the mental foramen and mandibular canal is important when administering local anesthesia and performing surgery; therefore, knowing the normal range of the possible locations is essential. our purpose was to assess the location of the mental foramen and mandibular canal in an iranian population using panoramic radiography.standard panoramic radiographies were performed. th...

Dental root resorption especially in maxillary incisive region almost always happens simultaneously with orthodontic treatment, and it gained researchers attention, in particular after the use of periapical radiography. However, the fundamental etiology of dental root resorption is still dubious. Multifactoral causes are mentioned, among others are hormonal, nutritition, trauma, dental root for...

Stricter laws require more incisive and costlier enforcement. Because enforcement activity depends both on available tax revenue and the honesty of officials, the optimal legal standard of a benevolent government is increasing in per capita income and decreasing in officials’ corruption. In contrast to the “tollbooth view” of regulation, the standard chosen by a self-interested government is a ...

Address for Correspondence: Dr. K G Prakash, Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy, Azeezia Institute of Medical Sciences, Kollam, Kerala State691537, India. Phone no.: +919645216564. E-Mail: [email protected] Background: Foramen Vesalius a small inconsistent foramen in the base of skull for passage of emissary vein from pterygoid plexus of veins to cavernous sinus. Variations in incide...