background: the areas of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (bst) with a high density of estrogen receptors are involved in cardiovascular regulation and send axonal projections to the rostroventrolateral medulla (rvlm). we aimed to find the contribution of the rvlm to cardiovascular responses elicited by glutamate microinjection into the bst. methods: experiments were done in α-chloralose...

this study was designed to investigate the role of gabab receptor agents on imipramine-induced antinociception in ligated and non-ligated mice using hot-plate test. the data showed that different doses of morphine (3, 6, and 9 mg/kg) induced a dose-dependent antinociception in ligated and non-ligated mice. however, the opioid response was decreased in ligated animals. intracerebroventricular (i...

Objective(s): Resistin, as a 12.5 kDa cysteine-rich polypeptide, is expressed in hypothalamus and regulates sympathetic nerve activity. It is associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated the neural pathway of cardiovascular responses induced by injection of resistin into paraventricular nucleus (PVN) with rostr...

dracocephalum kotschyi boiss. is a traditional medicine with antispasmodic activities. the objective of this research was to study antispasmodic activities of hydroalcoholic extract of d. kotschyi on rat isolated uterus contractions for comparison with isolated ileum. hydroalcoholic extract was obtained from aerial part of d. kotschyi using percolation method. a portion of rat ileum or uterus w...

iChirp-evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) yield a larger wave V amplitude at low intensity levels than traditional broadband click stimuli, providing a reliable estimation of hearing sensitivity. However, advantages of iChirp stimulation at high intensity levels are unknown. We tested to see if high-intensity (i.e., 85 dBnHL) iChirp stimulation results in larger and more reliable ABR wa...

the aim of the present work was to determine whether the administration of melatonin or l­-tryptophan (a precursor of melatonin) affects the immune responses and performance of broilers during induced exposure to aflatoxins in feed. the study was conducted from 0-6 weeks comprising six dietary treatments in triplicate with10 chickens in each replicate. the diets were formulated to supply 23% cr...

Objective(s):  The role of the Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) in apoptosis and in certain hypertrophic responses has been previously investigated, but its regulation of Endothelin-1 induced cardiac hypertrophy remains unknown. The present study discusses the inhibitory role of ARC against endothelin–induced hypertrophy. Results:In present study Endothelin treated car...