sixty-year history of town and country planning in the world, raised a fundamental question: why following the successful models in the process of town and country planning don’t have always similar results? whether, the origin of differences and ambiguities are not in the boundaries, interrelation among the levels of decision making, policy making, uncontrollable democracy in land ownership, i...

Abstract Innovation is considered as a critical factor for organizations to create value and ‎sustainable competitive advantage in today's complex and changing environment. ‎Organizations with more innovation, in response to the changing environments and ‎creating development of new capabilities that allows them to achieve better ‎performance will be more successful. The aim of curr...

In this paper, we ask “Can proximity to towns reduces poverty in rural areas?” For this study we have mapped all the villages in Orissa. The study is based on small area poverty estimation methodology as well as the secondary data covering 47,395 villages and 109 towns. Our main findings are (i) there is a relationship between the distance to nearest town and rural poverty and (ii) poverty leve...

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to design and implementation of integrated solid wastes management pattern in Shahroud industrial zone, evaluates the results and determine possible performance problems. This cross - sectional study was carried out for 4 years in Shahroud industrial zone and the implementation process included:1- Qualitative and quantitative analysis of all solid waste gener...

this study is paid examined the combined role of organizational intelligence and organizational development on organizational performance. this research is for relationship between variables, correlation, and methodology, survey research. to measure the research, the conceptual model was designed based on the literature. sample study is 85 companies of shahid salimi industrial town of tabriz th...