in this paper, two methods have been used: multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network (ann-mlp) and universal kriging to estimate of velocity field. neural network is an information processing system which is formed by a large number of simple processing elements, known as artificial nerves. it is formed by a number of nodes and weights connecting the nodes. the input data are multiplied ...

In this paper an analytic approach to estimate the nonlinearity of radix-4 pipelined analog-to-digital converters due to the circuit non-idealities is presented. Output voltage of each stage is modeled as sum of the ideal output voltage and non-ideal output voltage (error voltage), in which non-ideal output voltage is created by capacitor mismatch, comparator offset, input offset, and finite ga...

defuzzifier circuit is one of the most important parts of fuzzy logic controllers that determine the output accuracy. the center of gravity method (cog) is one of the most accurate methods that so far been presented for defuzzification. in this paper, a simple algorithm is presented to generate triangular output membership functions in the mamdani method using the multiplier/divider circuit and...