We propose a micro based development model with out–of–equilibrium dynamics. The supply side is agent–based, while the demand side has an aggregate representation. In particular, we design an ‘abstract’ configuration of a local system in which different firms, pertaining to different sectors, produce different goods across and within them. The main features of the model are: i) a production fun...

implementation of effective input policies and technology consistent with production structure contributes to the economic use of the production. understanding the price elasticity of input and relationship between inputs in the agricultural sector is helpful in choosing appropriate input policy. in this study we examine the production structure of pistachio in damghan. to achieve the goal, tra...

the aim of this study was to represent effective componentsin demand chain which help organizations attain high performance levelsthrough identification of these components and determining theirdegree of importance. the following questions were major ideas of thisstudy: what are the most effective components in demand chain? andhow are they effective on organizational performance? to this end,m...

the purpose of this work was to test the efficiency of the treatment of wastewater by infiltrationunder laboratory conditions, to remove bacterial and organic load and to convert it to available nutrient for crop plants. in order to achieve this objective, polyvinyl chloride (pvc) columns of 133 cm of height were used. the columns were filled with sand and/or pozzolana and loaded with municipal...

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have received a great deal of attention in overcoming traffic-associated problems by implementing online traffic management, which inevitably depends on the accurate dynamic traffic demand. Dynamic Traffic Demand is a fundamental input for simulation-based Dynamic Traffic Assignment (DTA) models to describe and predict traffic conditions on the network o...

Sanitation improvement is crucial in saving lives that are lost due to water contamination. Progress towards achieving full sanitation coverage is still slow in low-income informal settlements in most developing countries. Furthermore, resources are being wasted on installing facilities that are later misused or never used because they do not meet the local demand. Understanding demand for impr...

On an otherwise symmetric oligopoly market with stochastic demands for heterogeneous products firms can either hire an employee or partner or buy the required labor input on the labor market. Whereas the wage of hired labor does not depend on the realization of stochastic demand, the price of bought labor input reacts positively to product demand. We first solve the market by deriving the equil...

Is it feasible to increase income and generate employment in the context of a traditional labour intensive rural industry with strong linkages to an agriculturally backward economy? In order to address this issue, primary data from four villages of Peruvian North Sierra was used. The case of the hat making activity, employing exclusively family labour, purchasing the main input (straw, paja de ...