Using mid-infrared and radio criteria, we select a sample of candidate z ∼ 2 obscured quasars. Optical spectroscopy confirms about half of these as type-2 quasars, and modelling the population suggests 50-80% of the quasars are obscured. We find some flat radio spectrum type-2 quasars, and tentative evidence for obscuration unrelated to the torus. Using a similar sample, we also find evidence f...

One of the advantages systems based on fuzzy logic (fuzzy systems) is possibility a soft switch from one set values input parameters system to another, when different conclusions are drawn for sets these values. A type 2 direct generalization an ordinary set. In this paper, we review some branches theory type-2 and systems. We discuss operations sets, relations, centroids describe functional re...

This paper shows a proposal for Type-reduction of an Interval Type-2 fuzzy set composed from α-cuts done over its primary membership functions. The definition of available Type-reduction methods for Interval Type-2 fuzzy sets are based on an homogeneous subdivision of the universe of discourse, so we propose an approximation algorithm for Type-reduction of an Interval type-2 fuzzy set through i...

Augmented Minimal Model which is developed in consideration of the patient is taken into attention and uncertainties in this model which can occur by factors such as blood glucose, daily meals or sudden stress in considered. In addition to eliminate the effects of uncertainty, different control methods may be utilized. In this article, fuzzy control as a logical tool is used to transform words ...

A novel learning methodology based on a hybrid mechanism for training interval singleton type-2 Takagi-SugenoKang fuzzy logic systems uses recursive orthogonal least-squares to tune the type-1 consequent parameters and the steepest descent method to tune the interval type-2 antecedent parameters. The proposed hybrid-learning algorithm changes the interval type-2 model parameters adaptively to m...

Many papers exist on ordinary fuzzy control charts in literature in order to consider the vagueness and uncertainty in observation data. These are on both variable and attribute control charts. Several extensions of fuzzy sets have appeared in literature since ordinary fuzzy sets emerged. Type-2 fuzzy sets are one of these extensions. Type-2 fuzzy sets take into account the imprecision of membe...

Since its genesis, fuzzy sets (FSs) theory (Zadeh, 1965) provided a flexible framework for handling the indeterminacy characterizing real-world systems, arising mainly from the imprecise and/or imperfect nature of information. Moreover, fuzzy logic set the foundations for dealing with reasoning under imprecision and offered the means for developing a context that reflects aspects of human decis...

The objective of this work is to present a triangular interval type-2 (TIT2) intuitionistic fuzzy sets and their corresponding aggregation operators, namely, TIT2 intuitionistic fuzzy weighted averaging, TIT2 intuitionistic fuzzy ordered weighted averaging and TIT2 intuitionistic fuzzy hybrid averaging based on Frank norm operation laws. Furthermore, based on these operators, an approach to mul...

Fuzzy Logic Systems are widely recognized to be successful at modelling uncertainty in a large variety of applications. While recently interval type-2 fuzzy logic has been credited for the ability to better deal with large amounts of uncertainty, general type2 fuzzy logic has been a steadily growing research area. All fuzzy logic systems require the accurate specification of the membership func...