Abstract: As moving businesses from face-to-face trading, mail order and telephone order to electronic commerce over open networks such as the Internet, there be an exponentially growth in electronic payment transactions. Therefore, monitoring and evaluating the current electronic payment systems greatly affects the efficiency of money transactions, trades and, finally, the overall economy of t...

This study investigates monetary and financial shocks on macroeconomic variables, focusing on the role of banking intervention. For this purpose, a Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model is designed for Iran’s economy that involves financial and banking sectors. The results of the model simulation show that the financial accelerator theory works in the Iranian economy. Al...

Copyright © 2014, Iranian Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ISRAPM); Published by Kowsar Corp. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. There are many references in ancient Iranian literature on...

Iranian traditional architecture is one of the world's architectures par excellence. It was one of the most important architectures in the medieval Islamic world. Iranian architecture has developed over millennia in response to its religion. Many traditional and vernacular buildings in Iran show that the architects had been so clever in harmonizing the Iranian religion and architecture in the p...

BACKGROUND Presuming that tobacco taxes, levied both as import duties and ad valorem, would financially benefit the Iranian Government, such the introduction of a highly desired US product to the market would be antithetical to the sanctions regime currently in place. METHODS This paper as a systematic review and documents through Pubmed and webs seeks to understand the politician economy imp...

To assess genetic diversity and maternal origin of Turkish and Iranian native chicken breeds, we analyzed the mtDNA D-loop sequences of 222 chickens from 2 Turkish (Denizli and Gerze) and 7 Iranian (White Marandi, Black Marandi, Naked Neck, Common Breed, Lari, West Azarbaijan, and New Hampshire) native chicken breeds, together with the available reference sequences of G. gallus gallus in GenBan...

T he world economy has experienced a bulk of positive and negative shocks in crude oil prices and exchange rates over the years, and that global inflation has undergone some changes. Such shocks have affected the macroeconomic variables in the countries of the world and have challenged the economies of these countries, and have led them to take different measures to protect themselves agai...