The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expresse...

Foreword I said in my foreword to the Centre for Business Research, University of Cambridge/PACEC's first working paper 1 that intellectual property (IP) wasn't everything. And I believe that. Our universities and colleges, their staff and students, have enormous potential to serve society and support the economy in a huge variety of ways, many based on people and relationships not IP. But IP m...

Despite wide recognition of their significant role in explaining sustained growth and economic development, uncompensated knowledge spillovers have not yet been fully modeled with a microeconomic foundation. The main purpose of this paper is to illustrate the exchange of knowledge as well as its consequences on agglomerative activity in a general-equilibrium search-theoretic framework. Agents, ...

abstract aim and background: parenting styles are particular methods that parents use of them in nurturing of their children.the aim of this study was comparing parenting styles of mothers of pre-school children with and without intellectual disabilities. method and material: this is a causal-comparative research.the statistical population of this research includes the whole mothers of pre-scho...

Collaborating with external stakeholders to support innovation is gaining momentum in selected universities. Many HEIs have adopted a comprehensive knowledge transfer strategy ranging from consulting services for companies, applied research life-long learning activities or surrounding communities. Next universities should look build capacity scale-up these activities.

One of the key challenges for business executives in the knowledge era is to manage intellectual capital. Drawing upon: (1) the author’s personal experience as CKO of Knexa.com – the world’s first knowledge exchange auction; and (2) the relatively nascent literature on the roles and responsibilities of CKOs, this paper highlights five perspectives that a CKO must embrace to be successful: (1) C...

Global open innovation is not new to many small economies. Innovative firms are open to capabilities available beyond organizational and national boundaries. Cross-border collaboration is flourishing. Regions with strong cluster portfolios become innovation hubs, while regions with no clusters risk stagnation. Universities are critical in helping regions tap into global resources. Open innovati...