The choice of management practices for the treatment of piggery effluent prior to its disposal to waterways or land is governed by the desire to simultaneously minimise the cost of treatment whilst minimising pollution of the environment. Laboratory experiments were conducted to compare the removal of total and total filterable phosphorus (P) (<0.45 microm) from ortho-phosphate solutions or pig...

A 23-year-old previously healthy Dutch woman developed an erythematous, non-itching rash in a handprint pattern at the lateral side of her left thigh on the fourth day of a beach holiday in Bali. Apart from her stay on the beach and an enjoyable nightlife, her further exposure and travel history was unremarkable. In the following 24 hours, the rash became extremely painful with development of b...

When long voyages in sailing vessels were commonplace, scurvy was a major health hazard in mariners of all nations. The observations of James Lind (1716-94) and others indicated that citrus fruits had both a preventive and curative role in this disease. In the light of this work, by 1800 the disease had been virtually eliminated from Britain's Royal Navy. However, it continued in the merchant n...