case presentation we herein describe a case of a 7 year-old child affected by an overlap syndrome between type 2 autoimmune hepatitis and small duct primary sclerosing cholangitis. although characterized by a severe onset, the disease showed a good response to treatment with prednisone and azathioprine. conclusions the association of type 2 autoimmune hepatitis and small duct primary cholangiti...

Diabetes and diabetic kidney diseases have continually exerted a great burden on our society. Although the recent advances in medical research have led to a much better understanding of diabetic kidney diseases, there is still no successful strategy for effective treatments for diabetic kidney diseases. Recently, treatment of diabetic kidney diseases relies either on drugs that reduce the progr...

Kidney diseases in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients are often misdiagnosed. Despite reductions in morbidity and mortality owing to widespread use of highly effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are still more common in these patients than in the general population, and are associated with poor health o...

Kidney diseases are worldwide public health problems affecting millions of people. However, there still limited therapeutic options against kidney diseases. Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) is a secreted and membrane-associated protein, which regulates diverse functions, including immune regulation, cell survival, migration angiogenesis, thus involving in the several pathogeneses diseases, eyes neurons, ...

background and objectives: low quality of life in hemodialysis patients is a major factor leading to cardiovascular diseases and other important outcomes such as hospitalization and death. the present study attempted to examine the impacts of training intervention on perceived psychological health and quality of life among hemodialysis patients. methods: in this cross-sectional intervention stu...

the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (raas) plays pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (ckd) progression and its increased complications such as hypertension (ht) and cardiovascular diseases (cvd). previous studies suggested that aliskiren a direct renin inhibitor, blocks raas and may be effective for the management of ckd and its complications. this review focuses on...