نتایج جستجو برای: lactation duration
تعداد نتایج: 218741 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
BACKGROUND There are concerns about effects of lactation on postpartum weight changes among HIV-infected women because low weight may increase risks of HIV-related disease progression. METHODS This analysis of postpartum maternal weight change is based on a trial evaluating the effects of shortened breastfeeding on postpartum mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Lusaka, Zambia, in which 958...
to have an, idea about the relation between the length of birth interval and lactation, and birth control program this study have been done. the material for such analysis was nomad women's fertility history that was in their reproductive period (15-44). the material itself was gathered through a health survey. the main sample was composed of 2,165 qualified women, of whom 49 due to previous or...
Interactions between metabolic and reproductive functions in the resumption of postpartum fecundity.
Lactation has long been recognized as a major determinant of interbirth intervals. The temporal pattern of nursing has been proposed as the mechanism behind lactational amenorrhea. We present a new model of the dynamic regulation of lactational amenorrhea that identifies maternal energy availability as the main determinant of ovarian resumption. Variation in the intensity of lactation remains a...
The modern dairy cow has been selectively bred to produce large amounts of milk. Partly as a result, food consumption is considerably less than milk energy output in early lactation. It is only at 2 months or more postpartum that intake increases to the point where positive energy balance is regained, the initial production being achieved by a substantial mobilisation of body reserves. These re...
Background and Objectives: Reproductive factors are in close relationship with breast carcinogenesis. This matched case-control study was conducted to study the association of reproductive risk factors with the risk of breast cancer (BC) among women in Tehran and northwest of Iran. Methods: This hospital-based case-control study was performed on a total of 432 patients diagnosed with BC with...
Background and purpose: Pain in labor causes stress and reduces self-steem. Effective support is a key factor in reducing stress during delivery. The present study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of standard maternity care, continuous supports from private midwife, and female relatives on type and process of delivery, maternal satisfaction, and breastfeeding. Materials and methods...
To examine the role of light in the maturation of the circadian pacemaker, twelve groups of rats were raised in different conditions of exposure to constant bright light (LL) during lactation: both duration and timing of LL were varied. We studied the motor activity rhythm of the rats after weaning, first under LL and then under constant darkness (DD). In DD, two light pulses [at circadian time...
Female ruminants are susceptible to spontaneous ketosis arising at times of high productive demand. The dairy cow is most susceptible during the first 7 weeks of lactation, whereas the ewe is susceptible, particularly when multifoetate, during the last month of pregnancy. The disorder is characterized by signs of carbohydrate insufficiency and adipose-tissue mobilization. Those of carbohydrate ...
Phocid seals are one of the few groups of mammals capable of sustaining the energetic demands of lactation entirely through body nutrient stores while fasting. Lactation performance of the female in turn influences the rate and pattern of pup growth. We examined variation in and patterns of milk composition and production, maternal energy output, and pup growth and energy deposition over the en...
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence and factors associated with not meeting desired breastfeeding duration. METHODS Data were analyzed from 1177 mothers aged ≥18 years who responded to monthly surveys from pregnancy until their child was 1 year old. When breastfeeding stopped, mothers were asked whether they breastfed as long as they wanted (yes or no) and to rate the importance of 32 reason...
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