abstract in a protocol analysis of second language writing from 20 adult english as a foreign language (efl) iranian students, this research observed how language-switching (l-s), i.e., first language use in l2 writing, was affected by l2 proficiency. switching interactively between first (l1) and second (l2) languages has been recognized as one of the salient characteristics of l2 writing....

to explore the idea the investingation proposed, aimed at finding whether the performances of the population of iranians students studying english in an efl context are consistent in l1 and l2 writing taks and whether there is a cross-linguistic transfer in this respect. in this regard the subjects were instructed to write four compositions-two in english and two in farsi-which consisted of an ...

چکیده این پژوهش به هدف بررسی میزان اضطراب قبل از آزمون و نگرش به یادگیریزبان انگلیسی در دانش آموزان مقطع متوسطه ایلام انجام شد. علاوه بر این، تفاوت بین اضطراب و نگرش در بین دانش آموزان پسر و دختر، و همچنین رابط? بین این دومورد بررسی قرار گرفت. پس از مطالعات اولیه،از پرسشنامه اضطراب وست ساید(westside test anxiety scale (wtas): driscoll, 2007)و پرسشنامه نگرش به یادگیری زبان (language learning a...

according to cheng (1999), in recent esl/efl literature, asian (especially east asian) learners of english as a foreign/second language have been arguably reported as reticent and passive learners. the most common allegations are that these students are reluctant to participate in classroom discourse; they are unwilling to give responses; they do not ask questions; and they are passive and over...