Twenty years ago Poole et al. suggested that the anomalous properties of supercooled water may be caused by a critical point that terminates a line of liquid-liquid separation of lower-density and higher-density water. Here we present a thermodynamic model based on this hypothesis, which describes all available experimental data for supercooled water with better quality and fewer adjustable par...

During the collapse of massive stars, and the supernova type-II explosions, stellar matter reaches densities and temperatures which are similar to the ones obtained in intermediate-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. The nuclear multifragmentation reactions can be used for determination of properties of nuclear matter at subnuclear densities, in the region of the nuclear liquid-gas phase transit...

The importance of bridging length scales for materials is illustrated by three examples, nematic liquid crystals, strength of materials, and epitaxial growth. Emphasis is on the microscopic scale, with first-principles calculations of molecule–surface interaction, stacking-fault energies, interlayer interactions, diffusion barriers, and adsorbate–adsorbate interactions. Some pilot examples of u...

The cell method developed by Lennard-Janes and Devonshire is applied by using a two-potential model for the configurational energy to the determination of the equation of state of argon, nitrogen, and methane up to nearly half the liquid densities D1 the temperature range from 0 to l50°C. The LennardJones6-l2 potential and the Kihara hard core model with parameters determined from the second vi...

We report the first observation of photoluminescence from electron-hole plasmas in Si/S&,sGe&Si quantum wells. While at liquid helium temperature, luminescence due to shallow bound excitons is observed. At 77 K electron-hole plasma (EHP) luminescence dominates the spectra over a wide range of pump powers. Convolution of the occupied electron and hole densities of states gives an excellent fit t...

A quantum system of N Coulomb charges confined within a harmonic trap is considered over a wide range of densities and temperatures. A recently described construction of an equivalent classical system is applied in order to exploit the rather complete classical description of harmonic confinement via liquid-state theory. Here, the effects of quantum mechanics on that representation are describe...

Systematic studies on three dimensionally ordered liquid crystalline phases of different cubic and tetragonal symmetries are presented. The structures of the phases are determined by reconstruction of the electron density distribution from the X-ray diffraction patterns. The known models for electron densities in cubic structures were used whereas a new theoretical model for the structure of th...

A statistical mechanical simulation was developed and used to predict the macroscopic and microscopic behavior of fluidized beds. In particular, the model was used to study structural phenomena in liquid fluidized beds that contain a distribution of particle sizes and/or densities. Bed structural phenomena, such as density-based and sizebased segregation, classification, expansion, inversion, a...

The specific heat and susceptibility data for He on Grafoil are analyzed in the framework of the Landau Fermi liquid theory. The dominant interaction between He quasiparticles is found to be in the p-wave channel for most experimentally accessible areal densities of He. This interaction is attractive and gives rise to the p-wave transition temperature which for moderate areal densities is estim...

The vapor-liquid equilibria of three recently proposed water models have been computed using Gibbs-Duhem simulations. These models are TIP4P/Ew, TIP4P/2005, and TIP4P/ice and can be considered as modified versions of the TIP4P model. By design TIP4P reproduces the vaporization enthalpy of water at room temperature, whereas TIP4P/Ew and TIP4P/2005 match the temperature of maximum density and TIP...