In tire industry, it is very crucial to evaluate physical and mechanical properties of the rubber which is used for production of the tire, to ensure the quality of the final product. Resilience is an important property of a rubber, which cannot be evaluated through direct measurement in production cycle in this industry. Therefore, non-destructive ultrasonic testing, which has been used in man...

one of the main distinctions between geomaterials and other engineering materials is the spatial variation of their properties in different directions. this characteristic of geomaterials -so called heterogeneity- is studied herewith. several spatial distributions are introduced to describe probabilistic variation of geotechnical properties of soils. among all, the absolute normal distribution ...

This paper studies some properties of F-biharmonic maps between Riemannian manifolds. By considering the first variation formula of the F-bienergy functional, F-biharmonicity of conformal maps are investigated. Moreover, the second variation formula for F-biharmonic maps is obtained. As an application, instability and nonexistence theorems for F-biharmonic maps are given.

The present study investigates buckling characteristics of both nonlinear symmetric power and sigmoid functionally graded (FG) beams. The volume fractions of metal and ceramic are assumed to be distributed through a beam thickness by the sigmoid-law distribution (S-FGM), and the symmetric power function (SP-FGM). These functions have smooth variation of properties across the boundary rather tha...