soil erosion by water is the main factor of land degradation, particularly in semi-arid regions where soil productivity is usually low and lowering soil quality can severely decrease crops yields. this study was done in an area of 900 km2 in the semi-arid agricultural region of hashtroud in northwestern iran to determine the relationship between soil productivity and soil erodibility. wheat gra...

An operator in a Banach space is called upper (lower) semi-Browder if it is upper (lower) semi-Fredholm and has a finite ascent (descent). We extend this notion to n-tuples of commuting operators and show that this notion defines a joint spectrum. Further we study relations between semi-Browder and (essentially) semiregular operators. Denote by L(X) the algebra of all bounded linear operators i...

Direct household use of unprocessed raw coals for cooking and heating without any air pollution control device has caused serious indoor and outdoor environment problems by emitting particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants. This study examined household emission reduction by switching from unprocessed bituminous and anthracite coals to processed semi-coke briquettes. Two typical stoves we...

Sufficient conditions ensuring weak lower semi-continuity of the optimal value function are presented. To this end, refined inner semi-continuity properties of set-valued maps are introduced which meet the needs of the weak topology in Banach spaces. The results are applied to prove the existence of solutions in various worst-case robust optimal control problems governed by semilinear elliptic ...

Let Y be a proximinal subspace of finite codimension of c0. We show that Y is proximinal in ∞ and the metric projection from ∞ onto Y is Hausdorff metric continuous. In particular, this implies that the metric projection from ∞ onto Y is both lower Hausdorff semi-continuous and upper Hausdorff semi-continuous.

In this paper, we further investigate the constructions of fuzzy connectives on a complete lattice. We firstly illustrate the concepts of strict left (right)-conjunctive left (right) semi-uninorms by means of some examples. Then we give out the formulas for calculating the upper and lower approximation strict left (right)-conjunctive left (right) semi-uninorms of a binary operation.

in this study, we investigate the further properties of quasi irresolute topological groupsdened in [20]. we show that if a group homomorphism f between quasi irresolute topologicalgroups is irresolute at eg, then f is irresolute on g. later we prove that in a semi-connectedquasi irresolute topological group (g; ; ), if v is any symmetric semi-open neighborhood ofeg, then g is generated by v...

We develop a new coordination contract of manufacturer-retailer in a distribution system. A revenue sharing contract based on retail price is modelled, which is more practical to handle channel conflict. We also integrate two concepts of CSR (Corporate Sociality Responsible) and Semi-TDPD (Semi Third Degree Price Discrimination) into our model. Semi-TDPD strategy makes it possible to exploit th...

Abstract In the paper, nonlinear systems of mixed-type functional differential equations are analyzed and existence semi-global global solutions is proved. proofs, monotone iterative technique Schauder-Tychonov fixed-point theorem used. addition to proving solutions, estimates their co-ordinates derived as well. Linear variants results considered illustrated by selected examples.