1. Hemmi H, Takeuchi O, Kawai T et al. A toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA. Nature 2000;408:740–5. 2. Krieg AM. CpG DNA: a pathogenic factor in systemic lupus erythematosus? J Clin Immunol 1995;15:284–92. 3. Anders HJ, Vielhauer V, Eis V et al. Activation of toll-like receptor-9 induces progression of renal disease in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. FASEB J 2004;18:534–6. 4. Blanco P, Karolina Pal...

background: recent accumulated evidence suggests that prolactin (prl) is an important immunomodulator and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). the current study aimed to compare hyperprolactinemia frequency and evaluate its possible association with lupus activity in sle patients in zahedan. methods: in a case-control study we determined serum prola...

A s s e s s m e n t o f p r o g n o s t i c f a c t o r s 3 weeks after stopping OAT, laboratory testing was done to determine the levels of D-dimer (measured by an enzyme-linked immunoassay [Asserachrom D-dimer, Boehringer Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany]), antithrombin, protein C, protein S, factor VIII, the lupus anticoagulant, factor V Leiden, and factor II G20210A. Levels of D-dimer were class...

Lupus vulgaris is the commonest form of cutaneous tuberculosis accounting for about 75% of the cases. Clinical dermatologists need to be aware of the myriad clinical presentations of this condition as it can be misdiagnosed especially when the index of suspicion is low. It is important to make a diagnosis and promptly treat as it can be disfiguring and destructive. Introduction Tuberculosis (TB...

angioedema secondary to c1 inhibitor deficiency has been rarely reported to be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. a genetic defect of c1 inhibitor produces hereditary angioedema, which is usually presented with cutaneous painless edema, but edema of the genital area, gastrointestinal and laryngeal tracts have also been reported. in lupus patients, angioedema may be the result of an a...

A professional biologist, he has studied other elusive wildlife species including Marbled Murrelets, Canada Lynx, and Northern Goshawks. Paul first introduced Chris to wolf research in 1998 when Chris worked for the Central Rockies Wolf Project. Chris plans to continue coastal wolf research as a graduate student. He operates Darimont Environmental. in the School of Forestry. He is a member of s...

histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis or kikuchi's disease is a rare, benign condition of unknown etiology, which is usually characterized by cervical lymphadenopathy and fever. this disease is rarely associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. here we describe, for the first time in iran, a patient who developed systemic lupus erythematosus about 3 years after the initial diagnosis of kikuch...

background: systemic lupus erythematosus is a kind of multi-system autoimmune disorder with unknown aetiology and it produces antibodies against various tissues. case presentation:the patient wasa 44-year-old woman with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus for approximately five years, along with underlying diseases including peptic ulcers, asthma, hypertension and diabetes in the past 10 ...

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects almost all organs of the body, and viral infections are involved in its development and progression. The present study aimed to evaluate the serological status of some viral infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and a healthy population. Methods: This descriptive study conducted from May 2...