The authors present a model that specifies 2 psychological motives underlying scapegoating, defined as attributing inordinate blame for a negative outcome to a target individual or group, (a) maintaining perceived personal moral value by minimizing feelings of guilt over one's responsibility for a negative outcome and (b) maintaining perceived personal control by obtaining a clear explanation f...

during recent years, examining the performance of contrarian strategies has been taken into consideration by scholars and stock market's activists, though several evidences are available based on profitability of this type of strategies, much of them have been referred to american and european's stock markets. in current study, the act of these strategies will be examined in tehran&ap...

N independent sources choose their provider depending on the perceived costs associated with each provider. The perceived cost is the sum of the price and quality of service proposed by the provider coefficiented by the source sensitivity to the quality of service. The source chooses the smallest cost provider or refuses to subscribe if all the perceived costs are above her maximum admissible o...

In this paper we examine the relationship between advertising spending and perceived product quality. The questions we ask are: Does a product's advertising spending in ̄uence consumers' perceptions of its quality? If so, does the effect remain even after accounting for objective quality, price and market share? Does knowledge about objective quality, from Consumer Reports or usage experience, a...

Quality of care rather than price is the main concern in health care. However, does price not matter at all? To investigate what quality and cost factors influence whether patients perceive health care services as expensive and will recommend a hospital to other patients, the authors analyzed data from a national survey of patients in Taiwan in 2002. A total of 6725 subjects returned questionna...

Liberalisation process has just started in the Turkish rail market with the new law recently entered into force in order to comply with EU Directives. In the liberalised markets, service quality is the decisive factor that rail undertakings can use to create difference and achieve competitive advantages. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the customer perceived service quality for rail fre...

In this paper we examine the determinants of economic value and investment behavior of the multi-asset firm when the firm internally produces intangible assets in the process of making fully productive the externally purchased ones and it has market power. The theoretical models are estimated with data from Spanish banks on material (branches, financial), immaterial (advertising and IT) and int...