Background and aims: the administrative and financial activities are the most important affairs in any organization and include all affairs related to assets, staffs, formulating and implementing rules related to staff, supply of equipment and equipment for the organization. According to necessity of documentation and integration the different processes for each organizational unit, the aim of ...

While volatile marketing spending, as opposed to even-level spending, may improve a brand’s financial performance, it can also increase the volatility of performance, which is not a desirable outcome. This paper analyzes how revenue and cash-flow volatility are influenced by own and competitive marketing spending volatility, by the level of marketing spending, by the responsiveness of own marke...

Gerard Anderson, et al., in a recent commentary published in Health Affairs (March/April 1999), concluded that "despite dire predictions, America's teaching hospitals appear to be thriving".' This outdated conclusion, based largely on data from 1995, is dangerously optimistic and belies mounting evidence that documents the significant financial stress now facing teaching hospitals around the co...

Strong brands bring numerous benefits for both the companies and their customers such as decreasing purchasing risk and searching cost and increasing the likelihood of repurchasing. It is not presented an applied model for determining the price of this asset in Iran, especially in terms of merger and acquisition. The purpose of this study is to develop a model for pricing brand value in Iran’s ...

Financial frictions and financial shocks can affect the trade-off between inflation stabilization and output-gap stabilization faced by a central bank. Financial frictions lead to a greater response in output following any deviation of inflation from target and thus lead to an increase in the sacrifice ratio. As a result, optimal monetary policy in the face of credit frictions is to allow great...

We show that network advantages constitute an important intangible asset that goes unrecognized in the financial statements. For a sample of e-commerce firms, we find that network advantages created by Web site traffic have substantial explanatory power for stock prices over and above traditional summary accounting measures such as earnings and book value of equity. Also, network advantages are...

nowadays because of appearing concepts such as good governance as one of essential requirements for sustainable development, controversy about monitoring and accountability of public institutes as one of the good governance features has been increasingly important. non governmental public institutes and organizations don't get exception. financial control over these kinds of institutes can...