Eight patients with DSM-III-defined panic attacks were compared to four normal subjects on hormonal and physiological variables measured at six predetermined times through 24 hr and also during nine "spontaneous" attacks. Levels at predetermined times were not different, other than a reduction of urinary unconjugated epinephrine in patients. Plasma prolactin was elevated at the peak of most of ...

introduction: pain as a complex process in central nervous system (cns) has been studied by many researchers. pain is controlled by several cns pathways, one of the most important of which, is the descending noradrenergic system. this system begins from locus coeruleus (lc) nucleus in pons and ends in the spinal cord. in this research, the effect of pain induced by formalin was studied. methods...

BACKGROUND Venlafaxine is a new antidepressant that has a chemical structure and neuropharmacologic profile distinct from those of existing antidepressants. The studies about the mechanism of pharmacological action of venlafaxine mostly investigated the effects of venlafaxine on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) levels, while only few studies examined the effects...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Obvious cardiac dysfunction, including ECG abnormalities and left ventricular asynergy, is known to develop after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). To clarify the close relationship between myocardial damage and sympathetic nervous activity immediately after SAH, a novel experimental animal model was used. METHODS SAH was provoked by perforation of the basilar artery with ...

We compared in albino and pigmented rats the early effect of unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL) on the concentrations of monoamines (norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin) and their respective metabolites--3-methoxy,4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA)--in medial vestibular nuclei (MVN), locus coeruleus, raphe dorsalis, and coc...

Craving phenomena are related to induction of substance-seeking behaviour by stimuli associated with the availability of the drug. We investigated the changes in monoamine metabolism in regions of the brains of rats that, following a period of training of cocaine self-administration, were either killed 2 h after the last session or underwent extinction trials, during which cocaine was withdrawn...

abstract to study the effects of different levels of n, mn and zn on yield and quality of pomegranate fruit a factorial experiment based on complete randomized block design with 18 treatments and three replications was conducted in behshahr city, mazandaran province, in 2009.investigated treatments were include: nitrogen, manganese, zinc. fertilizer source for nitrogen was urea and three rates ...