ôbjective: many studies evaluated the efficacy of exercise on some depression indices, but the effect of physical exercise in exhilarating milieu on urine 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (mhpg) sulfate-the main metabolite of norepinephrine is not clear. the purpose of this research was to study the effect of a six-week intermittent walking in the water on 24-hour urine mhpg sulfate in depressed...

OBJECTIVE Many studies evaluated the efficacy of exercise on some depression indices, but the effect of physical exercise in exhilarating milieu on urine 3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) sulfate-the main metabolite of norepinephrine is not clear. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of a six-week intermittent walking in the water on 24-hour urine MHPG sulfate in depressed ...

A major metabolite of norepinephrine (NE) in brain is 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG). In many species, a large fraction of MHPG formed in brain is converted to the sulfate conjugate. Consequently, MHPG sulfate has been proposed as a biomarker for NE metabolism in the central nervous system. As part of the clinical trials of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor selegiline for treatin...

objective: finding a suitable laboratory test that can diagnose schizophrenia in its early stages could be very important. according to the hypothesis of lack of noradrenalin balance in the brain, it is illustrated that the disorder severity has a negative correlation with the amount of urine noradrenalin metabolite [3-methoxy-4-hydroxy phenyl glycol (mhpg) sulfate]. in this research, instead o...

Effects of adrenalectomy on increases in noradrenaline (NA) turnover induced by a one-hour immobilization stress were examined by measuring the levels of NA and its major metabolite, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol sulfate (MHPG-SO4) in specific brain regions of the rat. Bilateral adrenalectomy alone does not affect basal levels of NA and MHPG-SO4 in the brain regions examined with the ...

By measuring levels of noradrenaline (NA) and its major metabolite, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol sulfate (MHPG-SO4), in various rat brain regions, the effects of angiotensin II (AT II) injected intracerebroventricularly (ICV) were investigated in non-stressed and stressed rats. Immobilization stress with a wire mesh was employed. Immobilization stress induced significant increases in...

The relationship between the increase in noradrenaline (NA) turnover and endogenous opioid peptides in the hypothalamus under stressful situations was investigated in rats using a specific antagonist of opioids, naloxone. Male Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with saline, naloxone at 1 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg 10 min before exposure to immobilization stress for 1 hour. Levels of NA and its majo...

The effects of continuous stress and intermittent stress at short intervals on rat hypothalamic noradrenaline (NA) release were assessed by measuring the levels of a principal metabolite of NA, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylethyleneglycol sulfate (MHPG-SO4) in male Wistar rats. The rats were exposed to one of five restraint stress conditions, unstressed (control), six 15 min intermittent stress per...

BACKGROUND In this study, we investigate the effects of valerian root extracts (VE) on physical and psychological stress responses by utilizing a communication box. METHODS Eight-week-old ICR mice received oral administration of VE (100 mg/kg/0.5 ml) or equal volume of distilled water in every day for 3 weeks prior to being subjected to physical or psychological stress for 3 days, which are i...

Hypertensive (SHR) and nonhypertensive [Wistar-Kyoto (WKY); Sprague-Dawley (SD)] strains of rats received the dipeptide sweetener aspartame (200 mg/kg) or, as a positive control, tyrosine (200 mg/kg) by gavage or parenterally, after a brief (2-h) fast. Two hours later, compared with those of saline controls brain levels of the norepinephrine metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylethyleneglyc...