This article will focus on the impact of Covid-19 pandemic Indonesia's economic conditions. Researchers realize that solid stability lead country to achieve public welfare and ideal form government, therefore research a is something important do. The decline status lower middle income in mid-2021 has become clear warning for Indonesia improve handling Covid-19, poor have implications wheels Ind...

In recent years, the carbon dioxide emissions generated by massive consumption of fossil energy have been increasing year year, resulting in more and obvious greenhouse effect, occurrence climate disasters around world has become frequent. This study analyses long-term effects economic growth, trade, foreign direct investment (FDI) gross domestic product (GDP) on (CO 2 ) Latin American countrie...

Background As middle-income countries become more affluent, economically sophisticated and productive, health expenditure patterns are likely to change. Other socio-demographic and political changes that accompany rapid economic growth are also likely to influence health spending and financial protection.   Methods This study investigates the relationship between growth on per-capita healthcare...

The concept of regional development trap refers to regions that face significant structural challenges in retrieving past dynamism or improving prosperity for their residents. This article introduces and measures the Europe. draws inspiration from middle-income international theory but widens it shed light on traps higher-income countries at scale. We propose indicators—involving economic, prod...

trade linearization according to scale, composite, and technology effects, changes the environment quality. on the other hand, trade liberalization, increases capital flow in the world. based on pollution haven hypothesis, polluted intensive industries move from the countries with stringent environmental policies to those with more relaxed environmental policies. in order to evaluate the effect...

Abstract The paper evaluates the convergence paths of Central and Eastern European member states EU during 2010s, when main task for these countries was avoiding middle-income trap—when wages are not so low anymore to compete with less developed countries, while innovation is enough yet countries. Using various statistical indicators, shows that most in region have been on a path decade under a...